ocaml/lambda/matching.ml
2026-07-21 13:45:08 +01:00

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146 KiB
OCaml

(**************************************************************************)
(* *)
(* OCaml *)
(* *)
(* Xavier Leroy, projet Cristal, INRIA Rocquencourt *)
(* *)
(* Copyright 1996 Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et *)
(* en Automatique. *)
(* *)
(* All rights reserved. This file is distributed under the terms of *)
(* the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, with the *)
(* special exception on linking described in the file LICENSE. *)
(* *)
(**************************************************************************)
(* Compilation of pattern matching
Based upon Lefessant-Maranget ``Optimizing Pattern-Matching'' ICFP'2001.
A previous version was based on Peyton-Jones, ``The Implementation of
functional programming languages'', chapter 5.
Overview of the implementation
==============================
1. Precompilation
-----------------
(split_and_precompile)
We first split the initial pattern matching (or "pm") along its first column
-- simplifying pattern heads in the process --, so that we obtain an ordered
list of pms.
For every pm in this list, and any two patterns in its first column, either
the patterns have the same head, or their heads match disjoint sets of
values. (In particular, two extension constructors that may or may not be
equal due to hidden rebinding cannot occur in the same simple pm.)
2. Compilation
--------------
The compilation of one of these pms obtained after precompiling is done as
follows:
(divide)
We split the match along the first column again, this time grouping rows
which start with the same head, and removing the first column.
As a result we get a "division", which is a list a "cells" of the form:
discriminating pattern head * specialized pm
(compile_list + compile_match)
We then map over the division to compile each cell: we simply restart the
whole process on the second element of each cell.
Each cell is now of the form:
discriminating pattern head * lambda
(combine_constant, combine_construct, combine_array, ...)
We recombine the cells using a switch or some ifs, and if the matching can
fail, introduce a jump to the next pm that could potentially match the
scrutiny.
3. Chaining of pms
------------------
(comp_match_handlers)
Once the pms have been compiled, we stitch them back together in the order
produced by precompilation, resulting in the following structure:
{v
catch
catch
<first body>
with <exit i> ->
<second body>
with <exit j> ->
<third body>
v}
Additionally, bodies whose corresponding exit-number is never used are
discarded. So for instance, if in the pseudo-example above we know that exit
[i] is never taken, we would actually generate:
{v
catch
<first body>
with <exit j> ->
<third body>
v}
*)
open Misc
open Asttypes
open Types
open Data_types
open Typedtree
open Lambda
open Parmatch
open Printpat.Compat
module Scoped_location = Debuginfo.Scoped_location
let dbg () = !Clflags.dump_matchcomp
let debugf fmt =
if dbg ()
then Format.eprintf fmt
else Format.ifprintf Format.err_formatter fmt
let pp_partial ppf = function
| Total -> Format.fprintf ppf "Total"
| Partial -> Format.fprintf ppf "Partial"
(*
Compatibility predicate that considers potential rebindings of constructors
of an extension type.
"may_compat p q" returns false when p and q never admit a common instance;
returns true when they may have a common instance.
*)
module MayCompat = Parmatch.Compat (struct
let equal = Data_types.may_equal_constr
end)
let may_compat = MayCompat.compat
and may_compats = MayCompat.compats
(*
Many functions on the various data structures of the algorithm :
- Pattern matrices.
- Default environments: mapping from exit numbers to matrices.
- Contexts: matrices whose column are partitioned into
left (prefix of the input that we have already matched) and
right (what remains to be matched).
- Jump summaries: mapping from exit numbers to contexts
*)
let all_record_args lbls =
match lbls with
| [] -> fatal_error "Matching.all_record_args"
| (_, { lbl_all }, _) :: _ ->
let t =
Array.map
(fun lbl ->
(mknoloc (Longident.Lident "?temp?"), lbl, Patterns.omega))
lbl_all
in
List.iter (fun ((_, lbl, _) as x) -> t.(lbl.lbl_pos) <- x) lbls;
Array.to_list t
let expand_record_head h =
let open Patterns.Head in
match h.pat_desc with
| Record [] -> fatal_error "Matching.expand_record_head"
| Record ({ lbl_all } :: _) ->
{ h with pat_desc = Record (Array.to_list lbl_all) }
| _ -> h
let bind_alias p id ~arg ~action =
let k = Typeopt.value_kind p.pat_env p.pat_type in
bind_with_value_kind Alias (id, k) arg action
let head_loc ~scopes head =
Scoped_location.of_location ~scopes head.pat_loc
type 'a clause = 'a * lambda
let map_on_row f (row, action) = (f row, action)
let map_on_rows f = List.map (map_on_row f)
module Non_empty_row = Patterns.Non_empty_row
module General = struct
include Patterns.General
type nonrec clause = pattern Non_empty_row.t clause
end
module Half_simple : sig
include module type of Patterns.Half_simple
(** Half-simplified patterns are patterns where:
- records are expanded so that they possess all fields
- aliases are removed and replaced by bindings in actions.
Or-patterns are not removed, they are only "half-simplified":
- aliases under or-patterns are kept
- or-patterns whose right-hand-side is subsumed by their lhs
are simplified to their lhs.
For instance: [(_ :: _ | 1 :: _)] is changed into [_ :: _]
- or-patterns whose left-hand-side is not simplified
are preserved: (p|q) is changed into (simpl(p)|simpl(q))
{v
# match lazy (print_int 3; 3) with _ | lazy 2 -> ();;
- : unit = ()
# match lazy (print_int 3; 3) with lazy 2 | _ -> ();;
3- : unit = ()
v}
In particular, or-patterns may still occur in the leading column,
so this is only a "half-simplification". *)
type nonrec clause = pattern Non_empty_row.t clause
val of_clause : arg:lambda -> General.clause -> clause
end = struct
include Patterns.Half_simple
type nonrec clause = pattern Non_empty_row.t clause
let rec simpl_under_orpat p =
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_any
| Tpat_var _ ->
p
| Tpat_alias (q, id, s, uid, ty) ->
{ p with pat_desc = Tpat_alias (simpl_under_orpat q, id, s, uid, ty) }
| Tpat_or (p1, p2, o) ->
let p1, p2 = (simpl_under_orpat p1, simpl_under_orpat p2) in
if le_pat p1 p2 then
p1
else
{ p with pat_desc = Tpat_or (p1, p2, o) }
| Tpat_record (lbls, closed) ->
let all_lbls = all_record_args lbls in
{ p with pat_desc = Tpat_record (all_lbls, closed) }
| _ -> p
(* Explode or-patterns and turn aliases into bindings in actions *)
let of_clause ~arg cl =
let rec aux (((p, patl), action) : General.clause) : clause =
let continue p (view : General.view) : clause =
aux (({ p with pat_desc = view }, patl), action)
in
let stop p (view : view) : clause =
(({ p with pat_desc = view }, patl), action)
in
match p.pat_desc with
| `Any -> stop p `Any
| `Var (id, s, uid) ->
continue p (`Alias (Patterns.omega, id, s, uid, p.pat_type))
| `Alias (p, id, _, _, _) ->
aux
( (General.view p, patl),
bind_alias p id ~arg ~action )
| `Record ([], _) as view -> stop p view
| `Record (lbls, closed) ->
let full_view = `Record (all_record_args lbls, closed) in
stop p full_view
| `Or _ -> (
let orpat = General.view (simpl_under_orpat (General.erase p)) in
match orpat.pat_desc with
| `Or _ as or_view -> stop orpat or_view
| other_view -> continue orpat other_view
)
| ( `Constant _ | `Tuple _ | `Construct _ | `Variant _ | `Array _
| `Lazy _ ) as view ->
stop p view
in
aux cl
end
exception Cannot_flatten
module Simple : sig
include module type of Patterns.Simple
type nonrec clause = pattern Non_empty_row.t clause
val head : pattern -> Patterns.Head.t
val explode_or_pat :
arg:lambda ->
Half_simple.pattern ->
mk_action:(vars:Ident.t list -> lambda) ->
patbound_action_vars:Ident.t list ->
(pattern * lambda) list
end = struct
include Patterns.Simple
type nonrec clause = pattern Non_empty_row.t clause
let head p = fst (Patterns.Head.deconstruct p)
let alpha env (p : pattern) : pattern =
let alpha_pat env p = Typedtree.alpha_pat env p in
let pat_desc =
match p.pat_desc with
| `Any -> `Any
| `Constant cst -> `Constant cst
| `Tuple ps ->
`Tuple (List.map (fun (label, p) -> label, alpha_pat env p) ps)
| `Construct (cstr, cst_descr, args) ->
`Construct (cstr, cst_descr, List.map (alpha_pat env) args)
| `Variant (cstr, argo, row_desc) ->
`Variant (cstr, Option.map (alpha_pat env) argo, row_desc)
| `Record (fields, closed) ->
let alpha_field env (lid, l, p) = (lid, l, alpha_pat env p) in
`Record (List.map (alpha_field env) fields, closed)
| `Array (am, ps) -> `Array (am, List.map (alpha_pat env) ps)
| `Lazy p -> `Lazy (alpha_pat env p)
in
{ p with pat_desc }
(* Consider the following matching problem involving a half-simple pattern,
with an or-pattern and as-patterns below it:
match arg, other-args with
| (Foo(y, z) as x | Bar(x, y) as z), other-pats -> action[x,y,z]
(action[x,y,z] is some right-hand-side expression using x, y and z,
but we assume that it uses no variables from [other-pats]).
[explode_or_pat] explodes this into the following:
match arg, other-args with
| Foo(y1, z1), other-pats -> let x1 = arg in action[x1,y1,z1]
| Bar(x2, y2), other-pats -> let z2 = arg in action[x2,y2,z2]
notice that the binding occurrences of x,y,z are alpha-renamed with
fresh variables x1,y1,z1 and x2,y2,z2.
We assume that it is fine to duplicate the argument [arg] in each
exploded branch; in most cases it is a variable (in which case
the bindings [let x1 = arg] are inlined on the fly), except when
compiling in [do_for_multiple_match] where it is a tuple of
variables.
*)
let explode_or_pat ~arg (p : Half_simple.pattern)
~mk_action ~patbound_action_vars
: (pattern * lambda) list =
let rec explode p aliases rem =
let split_explode p aliases rem = explode (General.view p) aliases rem in
match p.pat_desc with
| `Or (p1, p2, _) ->
split_explode p1 aliases (split_explode p2 aliases rem)
| `Alias (p, id, _, _, _) -> split_explode p (id :: aliases) rem
| `Var (id, str, uid) ->
explode
{ p with pat_desc =
`Alias (Patterns.omega, id, str, uid, p.pat_type) }
aliases rem
| #view as view ->
(* We are doing two things here:
- we freshen the variables of the pattern, to
avoid reusing the same identifier in distinct exploded
branches
- we bind the variables in [aliases] to the argument [arg]
(the other variables are bound by [view]); to avoid
code duplication if [arg] is itself not a variable, we
generate a binding for it, but only if the binding is
needed.
We are careful to avoid binding [arg] if not needed due
to the {!do_for_multiple_match} usage, which tries to
compile a tuple pattern [match e1, .. en with ...]
without allocating the tuple [(e1, .., en)].
*)
let rec fresh_clause arg_id action_vars renaming_env = function
| [] ->
let fresh_pat = alpha renaming_env { p with pat_desc = view } in
let fresh_action = mk_action ~vars:(List.rev action_vars) in
(fresh_pat, fresh_action)
| pat_id :: rem_vars ->
if not (List.mem pat_id aliases) then begin
let fresh_id = Ident.rename pat_id in
let action_vars = fresh_id :: action_vars in
let renaming_env = ((pat_id, fresh_id) :: renaming_env) in
fresh_clause arg_id action_vars renaming_env rem_vars
end else begin match arg_id, arg with
| Some id, _
| None, Lvar id ->
let action_vars = id :: action_vars in
fresh_clause arg_id action_vars renaming_env rem_vars
| None, _ ->
(* [pat_id] is a name used locally to refer to the argument,
so it makes sense to reuse it (refreshed) *)
let id = Ident.rename pat_id in
let action_vars = (id :: action_vars) in
let pat, action =
fresh_clause (Some id) action_vars renaming_env rem_vars
in
pat, bind_alias pat id ~arg ~action
end
in
fresh_clause None [] [] patbound_action_vars :: rem
in
explode (p : Half_simple.pattern :> General.pattern) [] []
end
let expand_record_simple : Simple.pattern -> Simple.pattern =
fun p ->
match p.pat_desc with
| `Record (l, _) -> { p with pat_desc = `Record (all_record_args l, Closed) }
| _ -> p
type initial_clause = pattern list clause
type matrix = pattern list list
let add_omega_column pss = List.map (fun ps -> Patterns.omega :: ps) pss
let rec rev_split_at n ps =
if n <= 0 then
([], ps)
else
match ps with
| p :: rem ->
let left, right = rev_split_at (n - 1) rem in
(p :: left, right)
| _ -> assert false
exception NoMatch
let matcher discr (p : Simple.pattern) rem =
let discr = expand_record_head discr in
let p = expand_record_simple p in
let omegas = Patterns.(omegas (Head.arity discr)) in
let ph, args = Patterns.Head.deconstruct p in
let yes () = args @ rem in
let no () = raise NoMatch in
let yesif b =
if b then
yes ()
else
no ()
in
let open Patterns.Head in
match (discr.pat_desc, ph.pat_desc) with
| Any, _ -> rem
| ( ( Constant _ | Construct _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Array _ | Record _
| Tuple _ ),
Any ) ->
omegas @ rem
| Constant cst, Constant cst' -> yesif (const_compare cst cst' = 0)
| Constant _, (Construct _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Array _ | Record _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
| Construct cstr, Construct cstr' ->
(* NB: may_equal_constr considers (potential) constructor rebinding;
Types.may_equal_constr does check that the arities are the same,
preserving row-size coherence. *)
yesif (Data_types.may_equal_constr cstr cstr')
| Construct _, (Constant _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Array _ | Record _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
| Variant { tag; has_arg }, Variant { tag = tag'; has_arg = has_arg' } ->
yesif (tag = tag' && has_arg = has_arg')
| Variant _, (Constant _ | Construct _ | Lazy | Array _ | Record _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
| Array (am1, n1), Array (am2, n2) -> yesif (am1 = am2 && n1 = n2)
| Array _, (Constant _ | Construct _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Record _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
| Tuple n1, Tuple n2 -> yesif (n1 = n2)
| Tuple _, (Constant _ | Construct _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Array _ | Record _)
->
no ()
| Record l, Record l' ->
(* we already expanded the record fully *)
yesif (List.length l = List.length l')
| Record _, (Constant _ | Construct _ | Variant _ | Lazy | Array _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
| Lazy, Lazy -> yes ()
| Lazy, (Constant _ | Construct _ | Variant _ | Array _ | Record _ | Tuple _)
->
no ()
let ncols = function
| [] -> 0
| ps :: _ -> List.length ps
module Context : sig
type t
val empty : t
val is_empty : t -> bool
val start : int -> t
val pp : Format.formatter -> t -> unit
val specialize : Patterns.Head.t -> t -> t
val lshift : t -> t
val rshift : t -> t
val rshift_num : int -> t -> t
val lub : pattern -> t -> t
val erase_first_col : t -> t
val matches : t -> matrix -> bool
val combine : t -> t
val select_columns : matrix -> t -> t
val union : t -> t -> t
end = struct
module Row = struct
type t = { left : pattern list; right : pattern list }
(* Static knowledge on a frontier of nodes (subtrees) in the matched values.
Left: what we know about what is above us, towards the root.
Right: what we know about whas is below us, towards the leaves. *)
let pp ppf { left; right } =
Format.fprintf ppf
"@[LEFT@ %aRIGHT@ %a@]"
pretty_line left
pretty_line right
let le c1 c2 = le_pats c1.left c2.left && le_pats c1.right c2.right
let lshift { left; right } =
match right with
| x :: xs -> { left = x :: left; right = xs }
| _ -> assert false
let lforget { left; right } =
match right with
| _ :: xs -> { left = Patterns.omega :: left; right = xs }
| _ -> assert false
let erase_first_col { left; right } =
match right with
| _ :: right -> { left; right = Patterns.omega :: right }
| _ -> assert false
let rshift { left; right } =
match left with
| p :: ps -> { left = ps; right = p :: right }
| _ -> assert false
let rshift_num n { left; right } =
let shifted, left = rev_split_at n left in
{ left; right = shifted @ right }
(** Recombination of contexts.
For example:
{ (_,_)::left; p1::p2::right } -> { left; (p1,p2)::right }
*)
let combine { left; right } =
match left with
| p :: ps -> { left = ps; right = set_args p right }
| _ -> assert false
end
type t = Row.t list
(* A union/disjunction of possible context "rows". What we know is that
the matching situation is described by one of the rows. *)
let empty = []
let start n : t = [ { left = []; right = Patterns.omegas n } ]
let is_empty = function
| [] -> true
| _ -> false
let pp ppf ctx =
Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut
Row.pp ppf ctx
let lshift ctx =
if List.length ctx < !Clflags.match_context_rows then
List.map Row.lshift ctx
else
(* Context pruning *)
get_mins Row.le (List.map Row.lforget ctx)
let rshift ctx = List.map Row.rshift ctx
let erase_first_col ctx = List.map Row.erase_first_col ctx
let rshift_num n ctx = List.map (Row.rshift_num n) ctx
let combine ctx = List.map Row.combine ctx
let specialize head ctx =
let non_empty = function
| { Row.left = _; right = [] } ->
fatal_error "Matching.Context.specialize"
| { Row.left; right = p :: ps } -> (left, p, ps)
in
let ctx = List.map non_empty ctx in
let rec filter_rec = function
| [] -> []
| (left, p, right) :: rem -> (
let p = General.view p in
match p.pat_desc with
| `Or (p1, p2, _) ->
filter_rec ((left, p1, right) :: (left, p2, right) :: rem)
| `Alias (p, _, _, _, _) -> filter_rec ((left, p, right) :: rem)
| `Var _ -> filter_rec ((left, Patterns.omega, right) :: rem)
| #Simple.view as view -> (
let p = { p with pat_desc = view } in
match matcher head p right with
| exception NoMatch -> filter_rec rem
| right ->
let left = Patterns.Head.to_omega_pattern head :: left in
{ Row.left; right }
:: filter_rec rem
)
)
in
filter_rec ctx
let select_columns pss ctx =
let n = ncols pss in
let lub_row ps { Row.left; right } =
let transfer, right = rev_split_at n right in
match lubs transfer ps with
| exception Empty -> None
| inter -> Some { Row.left = inter @ left; right }
in
let lub_with_ctx ps = List.filter_map (lub_row ps) ctx in
List.flatten (List.map lub_with_ctx pss)
let lub p ctx =
List.filter_map
(fun { Row.left; right } ->
match right with
| q :: rem -> (
try Some { Row.left; right = lub p q :: rem } with Empty -> None
)
| _ -> fatal_error "Matching.Context.lub")
ctx
let matches ctx pss =
List.exists
(fun { Row.right = qs } -> List.exists (fun ps -> may_compats qs ps) pss)
ctx
let union pss qss = get_mins Row.le (pss @ qss)
end
let rec flatten_pat_line size p k =
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_any | Tpat_var _ -> Patterns.omegas size :: k
| Tpat_tuple args -> (List.map snd args) :: k
| Tpat_or (p1, p2, _) ->
flatten_pat_line size p1 (flatten_pat_line size p2 k)
| Tpat_alias (p, _, _, _, _) ->
(* Note: we are only called from flatten_matrix,
which is itself only ever used in places
where variables do not matter (default environments,
"provenance", etc.). *)
flatten_pat_line size p k
| _ -> fatal_error "Matching.flatten_pat_line"
let flatten_matrix size pss =
List.fold_right
(fun ps r ->
match ps with
| [ p ] -> flatten_pat_line size p r
| _ -> fatal_error "Matching.flatten_matrix")
pss []
(** A default environment (referred to as "reachable trap handlers" in the
paper) is an ordered list of [raise_num * matrix] pairs, mapping reachable
exit numbers to the matrices of the corresponding exit handler.
It is used to decide where to jump next if none of the rows in a given
matrix match the input.
In such situations, one thing you can do is to jump to the first (leftmost)
[raise_num] in that list (by doing a raise to the static-cach handler number
[raise_num]); and you can assume that if the associated pm doesn't match
either, it will do the same thing, etc.
This is what [mk_failaction_neg] (and its callers) does.
But in fact there is no point in jumping to a matrix if you can tell
statically that it cannot match your current input. Default environments
provide static information on what happens "after" each jump, which we use
to optimize our exit choices.
This is what [mk_failaction_pos] (and its callers) does.
The default environment also carries a special [final_exit] exit
number, which is used for values that are not matched by any
clauses of the matching being compiled. The final exit is treated
as a free variable, it is not bound in the [raise_num * matrix]
list. When [Default_environment.pop] returns [None], there are no
exit handlers to matching clauses left, but
(for non-exhaustive matches) inputs could still jump to the final
exit.
*)
module Default_environment : sig
type t
val pop : t -> ((int * matrix) * t) option
val empty : final_exit:int -> t
val raise_final_exit : t -> lambda
val cons : matrix -> int -> t -> t
val specialize : Patterns.Head.t -> t -> t
val pop_column : t -> t
val pop_compat : pattern -> t -> t
val flatten : int -> t -> t
val pp : Format.formatter -> t -> unit
val pp_section : Format.formatter -> t -> unit
end = struct
type t = {
env: (int * matrix) list;
final_exit: int;
}
(** All matrices in the list should have the same arity -- their rows should
have the same number of columns -- as it should match the arity of the
current scrutiny vector. *)
let empty ~final_exit = { env = []; final_exit; }
let raise_final_exit { final_exit; _ } =
Lstaticraise (final_exit, [])
let cons matrix raise_num default =
match matrix with
| [] -> default
| _ ->
{ default with env = (raise_num, matrix) :: default.env }
let specialize_matrix arity matcher pss =
let rec filter_rec = function
| [] -> []
| (p, ps) :: rem -> (
let p = General.view p in
match p.pat_desc with
| `Alias (p, _, _, _, _) -> filter_rec ((p, ps) :: rem)
| `Var _ -> filter_rec ((Patterns.omega, ps) :: rem)
| `Or (p1, p2, _) -> filter_rec_or p1 p2 ps rem
| #Simple.view as view -> (
let p = { p with pat_desc = view } in
match matcher p ps with
| exception NoMatch -> filter_rec rem
| specialized ->
assert (List.length specialized = List.length ps + arity);
specialized :: filter_rec rem
)
)
(* Filter just one row, without a `rem` accumulator
of further rows to process.
The following equality holds:
filter_rec ((p :: ps) :: rem)
= filter_one p ps @ filter_rec rem
*)
and filter_one p ps =
filter_rec [ (p, ps) ]
and filter_rec_or p1 p2 ps rem =
match arity with
| 0 -> (
(* if K has arity 0, specializing ((K|K)::rem) returns just (rem):
if either sides works (filters into a non-empty list),
no need to keep the other. *)
match filter_one p1 ps with
| [] -> filter_rec ((p2, ps) :: rem)
| matches -> matches @ filter_rec rem
)
| 1 -> (
(* if K has arity 1, ((K p | K q) :: rem) can be expressed
as ((p | q) :: rem): even if both sides of an or-pattern
match, we can compress the output in a single row,
instead of duplicating the row.
In particular, filtering a single row (the filter_one calls)
returns a result that respects the following properties:
- "row count": the result is either an empty list or a single row
- "row shape": if there is a row in the result, it contains one
pattern consed to the tail [ps] of our input row; in particular
the row is not empty. *)
match (filter_one p1 ps, filter_one p2 ps) with
| [], row
| row, [] ->
row @ filter_rec rem
| [ (arg1 :: _) ], [ (arg2 :: _) ] ->
(* By the row shape property,
the wildcard patterns can only be ps. *)
(* The output below is a single row,
respecting the row count property. *)
({ arg1 with
pat_desc = Tpat_or (arg1, arg2, None);
pat_loc = Location.none
}
:: ps
)
:: filter_rec rem
| (_ :: _ :: _), _
| _, (_ :: _ :: _) ->
(* Cannot happen from the row count property. *)
assert false
| [ [] ], _
| _, [ [] ] ->
(* Cannot happen from the row shape property. *)
assert false
)
| _ ->
(* we cannot preserve the or-pattern as in the arity-1 case,
because we cannot express
(K (p1, .., pn) | K (q1, .. qn))
as (p1 .. pn | q1 .. qn) *)
filter_rec ((p1, ps) :: (p2, ps) :: rem)
in
filter_rec pss
let specialize_ arity matcher def =
let rec make_rec = function
| [] -> []
| (i, ([] :: _)) :: _ -> [ (i, [ [] ]) ]
| (i, pss) :: rem -> (
(* we already handled the empty-row case
so we know that all rows in pss are non-empty *)
let non_empty = function
| [] -> assert false
| p :: ps -> (p, ps)
in
let pss = List.map non_empty pss in
match specialize_matrix arity matcher pss with
| [] -> make_rec rem
| [] :: _ -> [ (i, [ [] ]) ]
| pss -> (i, pss) :: make_rec rem
)
in
{ def with env = make_rec def.env }
let specialize head def =
specialize_ (Patterns.Head.arity head) (matcher head) def
let pop_column def = specialize_ 0 (fun _p rem -> rem) def
let pop_compat p def =
let compat_matcher q rem =
if may_compat p (General.erase q) then
rem
else
raise NoMatch
in
specialize_ 0 compat_matcher def
let pop def = match def.env with
| [] -> None
| i_mat :: rem -> Some (i_mat, { def with env = rem })
let pp ppf def =
Format.fprintf ppf
"@[<v 2>Default environment:%a@]"
(fun ppf li ->
if li = [] then Format.fprintf ppf " empty"
else begin
Format.fprintf ppf "@,";
Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut
(fun ppf (i, pss) ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"Matrix for %d:@,\
%a"
i
pretty_matrix pss
) ppf li
end
) def.env
let pp_section ppf def =
if def.env = [] then ()
else Format.fprintf ppf "@,%a" pp def
let flatten size def =
{ def with
env = List.map (fun (i, pss) -> (i, flatten_matrix size pss)) def.env;
}
end
(** For a given code fragment, we call "external" exits the exit numbers that
are raised within the code but not handled in the code fragment itself.
The jump summary of a code fragment is an ordered list of
[raise_num * Context.t] pairs, mapping all its external exit numbers to
context information valid for all its raise points within the code fragment.
Jump summaries also carry a [partial] information, that carries
information on whether the "final exit" of the default environment
is used -- whether any values will jump to it, and whether it
occurs in the generated code. If [partial] is [Total], then the
[final_exit] is not used in the generated code. (A reason to
special-case the final exit in this way is that we don't need to
track its context for matching code generation.)
*)
module Jumps : sig
type t
val partial : t -> partial
val empty : partial -> t
(** [empty Total] is the jump summary of exhaustive matching code
that never fails. [empty Partial] is the jump summary of
matching code that does not exit into any handler of the default
environment, but may still use the final failure action in the
final exit. *)
val singleton : int -> Context.t -> t
val add : int -> Context.t -> t -> t
val union : t -> t -> t
val unions : t list -> t
val map : (Context.t -> Context.t) -> t -> t
val remove : int -> t -> t
(** [extract exit jumps] returns the context at the given exit
and the rest of the jump summary. *)
val extract : int -> t -> Context.t * t
val pp : Format.formatter -> t -> unit
val pp_section : Format.formatter -> t -> unit
end = struct
type t = {
env : (int * Context.t) list;
partial : partial;
}
let partial { partial = p; _ } = p
let pp ppf ({ env; partial } : t) =
Format.fprintf ppf "@[<v 2>JUMPS:%t@]"
(fun ppf ->
if env = [] then
Format.fprintf ppf " empty (%a)"
pp_partial partial
else begin
Format.fprintf ppf " (%a)@," pp_partial partial;
Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut (fun ppf (i, ctx) ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"jump for %d@,\
%a"
i
Context.pp ctx
) ppf env
end)
let pp_section ppf jumps =
Format.fprintf ppf "@,%a" pp jumps
let extract i jumps =
let rec extract i = function
| [] -> (Context.empty, [])
| ((j, ctx) as x) :: rem as all ->
if i = j then
(ctx, rem)
else if j < i then
(Context.empty, all)
else
let r, rem = extract i rem in
(r, x :: rem)
in
let (ctx, rem) = extract i jumps.env in
(ctx, { jumps with env = rem })
let remove i jumps =
let rec remove i = function
| [] -> []
| (j, _) :: rem when i = j -> rem
| x :: rem -> x :: remove i rem
in
{ jumps with env = remove i jumps.env }
let empty partial = { env = []; partial; }
let add i ctx jumps =
let rec add = function
| [] -> [ (i, ctx) ]
| ((j, qss) as x) :: rem as all ->
if j > i then
x :: add rem
else if j < i then
(i, ctx) :: all
else
(i, Context.union ctx qss) :: rem
in
if Context.is_empty ctx then
jumps
else
{ jumps with env = add jumps.env }
let singleton i ctx =
(* Total: a singleton only jumps to exit [i],
not to the final exit. *)
add i ctx (empty Total)
let union j1 j2 =
let rec union env1 env2 =
match (env1, env2) with
| [], _ -> env2
| _, [] -> env1
| ((i1, pss1) as x1) :: rem1, ((i2, pss2) as x2) :: rem2 ->
if i1 = i2 then
(i1, Context.union pss1 pss2) :: union rem1 rem2
else if i1 > i2 then
x1 :: union rem1 env2
else
x2 :: union env1 rem2
in
{
env = union j1.env j2.env;
partial = (match j1.partial, j2.partial with
| Total, Total -> Total
| Partial, _ | _, Partial -> Partial
);
}
let rec merge = function
| env1 :: env2 :: rem -> union env1 env2 :: merge rem
| envs -> envs
let rec unions envs =
match envs with
| [] -> empty Total
| [ env ] -> env
| _ -> unions (merge envs)
let map f jumps =
{ jumps with
env = List.map (fun (i, pss) -> (i, f pss)) jumps.env;
}
end
(* Temporality information *)
type temporality =
| First
| Following
(** The [temporality] information tracks information about the
placement of the current submatrix within the
whole pattern-matching.
- [First]: this is the first submatrix on this position seen by values
that flow into the submatrix.
- [Following]: there was a split, some other submatrix was tried first
and failed, and the control jumped to the current submatrix.
This information is used in {!compute_arg_partial}.
*)
let pp_tempo ppf = function
| First -> Format.fprintf ppf "First"
| Following -> Format.fprintf ppf "Following"
(* Partiality information. *)
(** [Typedtree.partial] is just [Total | Partial].
The pattern-matching compiler tracks more fine-grained information as
it traverses patterns, grouped in the following [partiality] type. *)
type partiality = {
current : partial;
(** The 'current' information tracks whether the current sub-matrix
is Partial or Total, that is, if it may fail to match some possible
values and have to generate a jump to some external exit. *)
global : partial;
(** The 'global' information indicates whether the pattern-matching
as a whole, at the toplevel, is Partial or Total. This
information is decided by the type-checker and passed down to
the pattern-matching compiler.
When a pattern-matching is globally Total, a jump out of a given
submatrix may only target a default submatrix correspond to
a further split. When it is globally Partial, some jumps may
fail to match any of the following submatrices, and go to the
'final exit'. *)
tempo: temporality;
(** The {!temporality} of the current submatrix. *)
}
let pp_partiality ppf {current; global; tempo} =
Format.fprintf ppf "{ current = %a; global = %a; tempo = %a }"
pp_partial current
pp_partial global
pp_tempo tempo
(* Pattern matching before any compilation *)
type ('args, 'row) pattern_matching = {
mutable cases : 'row list;
args : 'args;
default : Default_environment.t
}
type 'a arg = {
arg : 'a;
binding_kind : let_kind;
mut : mutable_flag;
(** We track with a [mutable_flag] whether a mutable read was
performed to access the corresponding sub-value of the
scrutinee: an argument is [Mutable] if the path from the root of
the value to the argument contains a mutable field. More
precisely, a position is considered [Mutable] when accesses to
the same position in different branches of the pattern
matching -- outside the scope of the strict binding generated
for the mutable read -- may observe a different value. *)
}
type args = lambda arg list
(** args are not just Ident.t in at least the following cases:
- when matching the arguments of a constructor,
direct field projections are used (make_field_args)
- with lazy patterns args can be of the form [Lazy.force ...]
(inline_lazy_force). *)
type split_args = {
first : pure_arg arg;
rest : args;
}
(** [split_args] is a more restricted form of argument list, used
when argument in first position is about to be matched upon. *)
and pure_arg =
| Var of Ident.t
| Tuple of lambda
(** The first argument in [split_args] form has already been bound to
a variable or it is a tuple of variables in the weird
[do_for_multiple_match] case; in particular, it is a pure
expression. *)
let arg_of_pure = function
| Var v -> Lvar v
| Tuple tup -> tup
type handler = {
provenance : matrix;
exit : int;
vars : (Ident.t * Lambda.value_kind) list;
pm : (args, initial_clause) pattern_matching
}
type ('args, 'head_pat, 'matrix) pm_or_compiled = {
body : ('args, 'head_pat Non_empty_row.t clause) pattern_matching;
handlers : handler list;
or_matrix : 'matrix
}
(* The composed mutability of two argument positions:
is x.f.g a mutable position of x, depending whether f and g are mutable?
Note that the following equations hold:
- compose_mut mut Immutable = mut
- compose_mut mut Mutable = Mutable
but we do *not* use them in the code of get_expr_args_* below. We prefer
to call [compose_mut] explicitly to make the logic more regular, make
it obvious that we thought about how this value should evolve (or not).
*)
let compose_mut m1 m2 =
match m1, m2 with
| Immutable, Immutable -> Immutable
| Mutable, _ | _, Mutable -> Mutable
(* Pattern matching after application of both the or-pat rule and the
mixture rule *)
type pm_half_compiled =
| PmOr of (split_args, Simple.pattern, matrix) pm_or_compiled
| PmVar of { inside : pm_half_compiled }
| Pm of (split_args, Simple.clause) pattern_matching
(* Only used inside the various split functions, we only keep [me] when we're
done splitting / precompiling. *)
type pm_half_compiled_info = {
me : pm_half_compiled;
matrix : matrix;
(* the matrix matched by [me]. Is used to extend the list of reachable trap
handlers (aka "default environments") when returning from recursive
calls. *)
top_default : Default_environment.t
}
let erase_cases f cases =
List.map (fun ((p, ps), act) -> (f p :: ps, act)) cases
let erase_pm pm =
{ pm with cases = erase_cases General.erase pm.cases }
let pretty_cases ppf cases =
Format.fprintf ppf "@[<v 2> %a@]"
(Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut
(fun ppf (ps, _l) ->
Format.fprintf ppf "@[";
List.iter (fun p -> Format.fprintf ppf "%a@ " pretty_pat p) ps;
Format.fprintf ppf "@]";
))
cases
let pretty_pm_ ~print_default ppf pm =
pretty_cases ppf pm.cases;
if print_default then
Default_environment.pp_section ppf pm.default
let rec pretty_precompiled_ ~print_default ppf = function
| Pm pm ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"PM:@,\
%a"
(pretty_pm_ ~print_default) (erase_pm pm)
| PmVar x ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"PM Var:@,\
%a"
(pretty_precompiled_ ~print_default) x.inside
| PmOr x ->
let pretty_handlers ppf handlers =
List.iter (fun { exit = i; pm; _ } ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"++ Handler %d ++@,\
%a"
i
(pretty_pm_ ~print_default) pm
) handlers
in
Format.fprintf ppf "PM Or:@,\
%a@,\
%a@,\
%a"
(pretty_pm_ ~print_default) (erase_pm x.body)
pretty_matrix x.or_matrix
pretty_handlers x.handlers
let pretty_pm =
pretty_pm_ ~print_default:true
let pretty_precompiled =
pretty_precompiled_ ~print_default:true
let pretty_precompiled_without_default =
pretty_precompiled_ ~print_default:false
let pretty_precompiled_res ppf (first, nexts) =
Format.fprintf ppf
"@[<v 2>First matrix:@,\
%a@]@,\
%a"
pretty_precompiled_without_default first
(Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut
(fun ppf (e, pmh) ->
Format.fprintf ppf
"@[<v 2>Default matrix %d:@,\
%a@]"
e
pretty_precompiled_without_default pmh)
) nexts
(* Identifying some semantically equivalent lambda-expressions,
Our goal here is also to
find alpha-equivalent (simple) terms *)
(* However, as shown by PR#6359 such sharing may hinders the
lambda-code invariant that all bound idents are unique,
when switches are compiled to test sequences.
The definitive fix is the systematic introduction of exit/catch
in case action sharing is present.
*)
module StoreExp = Switch.Store (struct
type t = lambda
type key = lambda
let compare_key = Stdlib.compare
let make_key = Lambda.make_key
end)
let make_exit i = Lstaticraise (i, [])
(* Introduce a catch, if worth it *)
let make_catch d k =
match d with
| Lstaticraise (_, []) -> k d
| _ ->
let e = next_raise_count () in
Lstaticcatch (k (make_exit e), (e, []), d)
(* Introduce a catch, if worth it, delayed version *)
let rec as_simple_exit = function
| Lstaticraise (i, []) -> Some i
| Llet (Alias, _k, _, _, e) -> as_simple_exit e
| _ -> None
let make_catch_delayed handler =
match as_simple_exit handler with
| Some i -> (i, fun act -> act)
| None -> (
let i = next_raise_count () in
(*
debugf "SHARE LAMBDA: %i@,%a@," i Printlambda.lambda handler;
*)
( i,
fun body ->
match body with
| Lstaticraise (j, _) ->
if i = j then
handler
else
body
| _ -> Lstaticcatch (body, (i, []), handler) )
)
let raw_action l =
match make_key l with
| Some l -> l
| None -> l
let same_actions = function
| [] -> None
| [ (_, act) ] -> Some act
| (_, act0) :: rem -> (
match make_key act0 with
| None -> None
| key0_opt ->
let same_act (_, act) = make_key act = key0_opt in
if List.for_all same_act rem then
Some act0
else
None
)
let safe_before ((p, ps), act_p) l =
(* Test for swapping two clauses *)
let same_actions act1 act2 =
match (make_key act1, make_key act2) with
| Some key1, Some key2 -> key1 = key2
| None, _
| _, None ->
false
in
List.for_all
(fun ((q, qs), act_q) ->
same_actions act_p act_q
|| not (may_compats (General.erase p :: ps) (General.erase q :: qs)))
l
let half_simplify_nonempty ~arg (cls : Typedtree.pattern Non_empty_row.t clause)
: Half_simple.clause =
cls
|> map_on_row (Non_empty_row.map_first General.view)
|> Half_simple.of_clause ~arg
let half_simplify_clause ~arg (cls : Typedtree.pattern list clause) =
cls
|> map_on_row Non_empty_row.of_initial
|> half_simplify_nonempty ~arg
(* Once matchings are *fully* simplified, one can easily find
their nature. *)
let rec what_is_cases ~skip_any cases =
match cases with
| [] -> Patterns.Head.omega
| ((p, _), _) :: rem -> (
let head = Simple.head p in
match head.pat_desc with
| Patterns.Head.Any when skip_any -> what_is_cases ~skip_any rem
| _ -> head
)
let what_is_first_case = what_is_cases ~skip_any:false
let what_is_cases = what_is_cases ~skip_any:true
let pm_free_variables { cases } =
List.fold_right
(fun (_, act) r -> Ident.Set.union (free_variables act) r)
cases Ident.Set.empty
(* Basic grouping predicates *)
let can_group discr pat =
let open Patterns.Head in
match (discr.pat_desc, (Simple.head pat).pat_desc) with
| Any, Any
| Constant (Const_int _), Constant (Const_int _)
| Constant (Const_char _), Constant (Const_char _)
| Constant (Const_string _), Constant (Const_string _)
| Constant (Const_float _), Constant (Const_float _)
| Constant (Const_int32 _), Constant (Const_int32 _)
| Constant (Const_int64 _), Constant (Const_int64 _)
| Constant (Const_nativeint _), Constant (Const_nativeint _) ->
true
| Construct { cstr_tag = Cstr_extension (p1, _) },
Construct { cstr_tag = Cstr_extension (p2, _) }
->
(* Extension constructors with distinct names may be equal thanks to
constructor rebinding. So we need to produce a specialized
submatrix for each syntactically-distinct constructor (with a threading
of exits such that each submatrix falls back to the
potentially-compatible submatrices below it). *)
Path.same p1 p2
| Construct _, Construct _
| Tuple _, (Tuple _ | Any)
| Record _, (Record _ | Any)
| Array _, Array _
| Variant _, Variant _
| Lazy, Lazy ->
true
| ( _,
( Any
| Constant
( Const_int _ | Const_char _ | Const_string _ | Const_float _
| Const_int32 _ | Const_int64 _ | Const_nativeint _ )
| Construct _ | Tuple _ | Record _ | Array _ | Variant _ | Lazy ) ) ->
false
let is_or p =
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_or _ -> true
| _ -> false
let rec omega_like p =
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_any
| Tpat_var _ ->
true
| Tpat_alias (p, _, _, _, _) -> omega_like p
| Tpat_or (p1, p2, _) -> omega_like p1 || omega_like p2
| _ -> false
let simple_omega_like p =
match (Simple.head p).pat_desc with
| Any -> true
| _ -> false
let equiv_pat p q = le_pat p q && le_pat q p
let rec extract_equiv_head p l =
match l with
| (((q, _), _) as cl) :: rem ->
if equiv_pat p (General.erase q) then
let others, rem = extract_equiv_head p rem in
(cl :: others, rem)
else
([], l)
| _ -> ([], l)
module Or_matrix = struct
(* Splitting a matrix uses an or-matrix that contains or-patterns (at
the head of some of its rows).
The property that we want to maintain for the rows of the
or-matrix is that if the row p::ps is before q::qs and p is an
or-pattern, and v::vs matches p but not ps, then we don't need to
try q::qs. This is necessary because the compilation of the
or-pattern p will exit to a sub-matrix and never come back.
For this to hold, (p::ps) and (q::qs) must satisfy one of:
- disjointness: p and q are not compatible
- ordering: if p and q are compatible, ps is more general than qs
(this only works if the row p::ps is not guarded; otherwise the
guard could fail and q::qs should still be tried)
*)
(* Conditions for appending to the Or matrix *)
let disjoint p q = not (may_compat p q)
let safe_below (ps, act) qs =
(not (is_guarded act)) && Parmatch.le_pats ps qs
let safe_below_or_matrix l (q, qs) =
List.for_all
(fun ((p, ps), act_p) ->
let p = General.erase p in
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_or _ -> disjoint p q || safe_below (ps, act_p) qs
| _ -> true)
l
(* Insert or append a clause in the Or matrix:
- insert: adding the clause in the middle of the or_matrix
- append: adding the clause at the bottom of the or_matrix
If neither are possible we add to the bottom of the No matrix.
*)
let insert_or_append (head, ps, act) rev_ors rev_no =
let safe_to_insert rem (p, ps) seen =
let _, not_e = extract_equiv_head p rem in
(* check append condition for head of O *)
safe_below_or_matrix not_e (p, ps)
&& (* check insert condition for tail of O *)
List.for_all (fun ((q, _), _) -> disjoint p (General.erase q)) seen
in
let rec attempt seen = function
(* invariant: the new clause is safe to append at the end of
[seen] (but maybe not [rem] yet) *)
| [] -> (((head, ps), act) :: rev_ors, rev_no)
| (((q, qs), act_q) as cl) :: rem ->
let p = General.erase head in
let q = General.erase q in
if (not (is_or q)) || disjoint p q then
attempt (cl :: seen) rem
else if
Typedtree.pat_bound_idents p = []
&& Typedtree.pat_bound_idents q = []
&& equiv_pat p q
then
(* attempt insertion, for equivalent orpats with no variables *)
if safe_to_insert rem (p, ps) seen then
(List.rev_append seen (((head, ps), act) :: cl :: rem), rev_no)
else
(* fail to insert or append *)
(rev_ors, ((head, ps), act) :: rev_no)
else if safe_below (qs, act_q) ps then
attempt (cl :: seen) rem
else
(rev_ors, ((head, ps), act) :: rev_no)
in
attempt [] rev_ors
end
(* Reconstruct default information from half_compiled pm list *)
let as_matrix cases =
get_mins le_pats (List.map (fun ((p, ps), _) -> General.erase p :: ps) cases)
(*
Split a matching along the first column.
Splitting is first directed by or-patterns, then by
tests (e.g. constructors)/variable transitions.
The approach is greedy, every split function attempts to
raise rows as much as possible in the top matrix,
then splitting applies again to the remaining rows.
Some precompilation of or-patterns and
variable pattern occurs. Mostly this means that bindings
are performed now, being replaced by let-bindings
in actions (cf. Half_simple.of_clause).
Additionally, if the match argument is a variable, matchings whose
first column is made of variables only are split further
(cf. precompile_var).
---
Note: we assume that the first column of each pattern is coherent -- all
patterns match values of the same type. This comes from the fact that
we make aggressive splitting decisions, splitting pattern heads that
may be different into different submatrices; in particular, in a given
submatrix the first column is formed of first arguments to the same
constructor.
GADTs are not an issue because we split columns left-to-right, and
GADT typing also introduces typing equations left-to-right. In
particular, a leftmost column in matching.ml will be well-typed under
a set of equations accepted by the type-checker, and those equations
are forced to remain consistent: they can equate known types to
abstract types, but they cannot equate two incompatible known types
together, and in particular incompatible pattern heads do not appear
in a leftmost column.
Parmatch has to be more conservative because it splits less
aggressively: submatrices will contain not just the arguments of
a given pattern head, but also other lines that may be compatible with
it, in particular those with a leftmost omega and those starting with
an extension constructor that may be equal to it.
*)
let rec split_or (cls : Half_simple.clause list) args def =
let rec do_split (rev_before : Simple.clause list) rev_ors rev_no = function
| [] ->
cons_next (List.rev rev_before) (List.rev rev_ors) (List.rev rev_no)
| cl :: rem when not (safe_before cl rev_no) ->
do_split rev_before rev_ors (cl :: rev_no) rem
| (((p, ps), act) as cl) :: rem -> (
match p.pat_desc with
| #Simple.view as view when safe_before cl rev_ors ->
do_split
((({ p with pat_desc = view }, ps), act) :: rev_before)
rev_ors rev_no rem
| _ ->
let rev_ors, rev_no =
Or_matrix.insert_or_append (p, ps, act) rev_ors rev_no
in
do_split rev_before rev_ors rev_no rem
)
and cons_next yes yesor no =
let def, nexts =
match no with
| [] -> (def, [])
| _ ->
let { me = next; matrix; top_default = def }, nexts =
do_split [] [] [] no
in
let idef = next_raise_count () in
(Default_environment.cons matrix idef def, (idef, next) :: nexts)
in
match yesor with
| [] -> split_no_or yes args def nexts
| _ -> precompile_or yes yesor args def nexts
in
do_split [] [] [] cls
and split_no_or cls args def k =
(* We split the remaining clauses in as few pms as possible while maintaining
the property stated earlier (cf. {1. Precompilation}), i.e. for
any pm in the result, it is possible to decide for any two patterns
on the first column whether their heads are equal or not.
This generally means that we'll have two kinds of pms: ones where the first
column is made of variables only, and ones where the head is actually a
discriminating pattern.
There is some subtlety regarding the handling of extension constructors
(where it is not always possible to syntactically decide whether two
different heads match different values), but this is handled by the
[can_group] function. *)
let rec split (cls : Simple.clause list) =
let discr = what_is_first_case cls in
collect discr [] [] cls
and collect group_discr rev_yes rev_no = function
| [ (((p, ps), _) as cl) ]
when rev_yes <> [] && simple_omega_like p && List.for_all omega_like ps ->
(* This enables an extra division in some frequent cases:
last row is made of variables only
Splitting a matrix there creates two default environments (instead of
one for the non-split matrix), the first of which often gets
specialized away by further refinement, and the second one jumping
directly to the catch-all case -- this produces better code.
This optimisation is tested in the first part of
testsuite/tests/basic/patmatch_split_no_or.ml *)
collect group_discr rev_yes (cl :: rev_no) []
| (((p, _), _) as cl) :: rem ->
if can_group group_discr p && safe_before cl rev_no then
collect group_discr (cl :: rev_yes) rev_no rem
else if should_split group_discr then (
assert (rev_no = []);
let yes = List.rev rev_yes in
insert_split group_discr yes (cl :: rem) def k
) else
collect group_discr rev_yes (cl :: rev_no) rem
| [] ->
let yes = List.rev rev_yes and no = List.rev rev_no in
insert_split group_discr yes no def k
and insert_split group_discr yes no def k =
let precompile_group =
match group_discr.pat_desc with
| Patterns.Head.Any -> precompile_var
| _ -> do_not_precompile
in
match no with
| [] -> precompile_group args yes def k
| _ ->
let { me = next; matrix; top_default = def }, nexts = split no in
let idef = next_raise_count () in
precompile_group args yes
(Default_environment.cons matrix idef def)
((idef, next) :: nexts)
and should_split group_discr =
match group_discr.pat_desc with
| Patterns.Head.Construct { cstr_tag = Cstr_extension _ } ->
(* it is unlikely that we will raise anything, so we split now *)
true
| _ -> false
in
split cls
and precompile_var args cls def k =
(* Strategy: pop the first column,
precompile the rest, add a PmVar to all precompiled submatrices.
If the rest doesn't generate any split, abort and do_not_precompile. *)
match args.rest with
| { arg = Lvar v; _ } as first :: rargs -> (
(* We will use the name of the head column of the submatrix
we compile, and this is the *second* column of our argument. *)
match cls with
| [ _ ] ->
(* as split as it can *)
do_not_precompile args cls def k
| _ -> (
(* Precompile *)
let var_args = { first = { first with arg = Var v }; rest = rargs } in
let var_cls =
List.map
(fun ((p, ps), act) ->
assert (simple_omega_like p);
(* we learned by pattern-matching on [args]
that [p::ps] has at least two arguments,
so [ps] must be non-empty *)
half_simplify_clause ~arg:(Lvar v) (ps, act))
cls
and var_def = Default_environment.pop_column def in
let { me = first; matrix }, nexts =
split_or var_cls var_args var_def
in
(* Compute top information *)
match nexts with
| [] ->
(* If you need *)
do_not_precompile args cls def k
| _ ->
let rec rebuild_matrix pmh =
match pmh with
| Pm pm -> as_matrix pm.cases
| PmOr { or_matrix = m } -> m
| PmVar x -> add_omega_column (rebuild_matrix x.inside)
in
let rebuild_default nexts def =
(* We can't just do:
{[
List.map
(fun (mat, e) -> add_omega_column mat, e)
top_default (* assuming it'd been bound. *)
]}
As we would be losing information: [def] is more precise
than [add_omega_column (pop_column def)]. *)
List.fold_right
(fun (e, pmh) ->
Default_environment.cons
(add_omega_column (rebuild_matrix pmh))
e)
nexts def
in
let rebuild_nexts nexts k =
map_end (fun (e, pm) -> (e, PmVar { inside = pm })) nexts k
in
let rfirst =
{ me = PmVar { inside = first };
matrix = add_omega_column matrix;
top_default = rebuild_default nexts def
}
and rnexts = rebuild_nexts nexts k in
(rfirst, rnexts)
)
)
| _ -> do_not_precompile args cls def k
and do_not_precompile args cls def k =
( { me = Pm { cases = cls; args; default = def };
matrix = as_matrix cls;
top_default = def
},
k )
and precompile_or (cls : Simple.clause list) ors args def k =
(* Example: if [cls] is a single-row matrix
s11 p12 .. p1n -> act1
and [ors] has three rows
(s21|s'21) p22 .. p2n -> act2
(s31|s'31) p32 .. p3n -> act3
s41 p42 .. p4n -> act4
where the first and second rows start with disjoint or-patterns
of simple patterns, binding the variables x2, y2, z2 and x3, y3
respectively, we precompile into the following:
catch
( match arg1 .. argn with
| s11 p12 .. p1n -> act1
| s21 _ .. _ -> exit 2 x2 y2 z2
| s'21 _ .. _ -> exit 2 x2 y2 z2
| s31 _ .. _ -> exit 3 x3 y3
| s'31 _ .. _ -> exit 3 x3 y3
| s41 p42 .. p4n -> act4 )
with
| exit 2 x2 y2 z2 ->
( match arg2 .. argn with
| p22 .. p2n -> act2 )
| exit 3 x3 y3 ->
( match arg2 .. argn with
| p32 .. p3n -> act3 )
Note that if arg1 matches s21 or s'21, we exit to a submatrix
that will never try any of the following rows; this relies on the
disjointness-like properties documented in the {!Or_matrix}
module.
The code below builds this catch/exit structure, The splitting of
the or-patterns is done in [Simple.explode_or_pat] -- it turns
half-simple clauses into simple clauses.
*)
let rec do_cases = function
| [] -> ([], [])
| ((p, patl), action) :: rem -> (
match p.pat_desc with
| #Simple.view as view ->
let new_ord, new_to_catch = do_cases rem in
( (({ p with pat_desc = view }, patl), action) :: new_ord,
new_to_catch )
| `Or _ ->
let orp = General.erase p in
let others, rem = extract_equiv_head orp rem in
let orpm =
{ cases =
(patl, action)
:: List.map (fun ((_, ps), action) -> (ps, action)) others;
args = args.rest;
default = Default_environment.pop_compat orp def
}
in
let pm_fv = pm_free_variables orpm in
let patbound_action_vars =
(* variables bound in the or-pattern
that are used in the orpm actions *)
Typedtree.pat_bound_idents_full orp
|> List.filter (fun (id, _, _, _) -> Ident.Set.mem id pm_fv)
|> List.map (fun (id, _, ty, _) ->
(id, Typeopt.value_kind orp.pat_env ty))
in
let or_num = next_raise_count () in
let new_patl = Patterns.omega_list patl in
let mk_new_action ~vars =
Lstaticraise (or_num, List.map (fun v -> Lvar v) vars)
in
let new_cases =
let arg = arg_of_pure args.first.arg in
Simple.explode_or_pat ~arg p
~mk_action:mk_new_action
~patbound_action_vars:(List.map fst patbound_action_vars)
|> List.map (fun (p, act) -> ((p, new_patl), act)) in
let handler =
{ provenance = [ [ orp ] ];
exit = or_num;
vars = patbound_action_vars;
pm = orpm
}
in
let rem_cases, rem_handlers = do_cases rem in
(new_cases @ rem_cases, handler :: rem_handlers)
)
in
let cases, handlers = do_cases ors in
let matrix =
as_matrix
((cls : Simple.clause list :> General.clause list)
@ (ors : Half_simple.clause list :> General.clause list)
)
and body = { cases = cls @ cases; args; default = def } in
( { me = PmOr { body; handlers; or_matrix = matrix };
matrix;
top_default = def
},
k )
let separate_debug_output () =
(* This function should be called when a debug-producing function
has just been called, and another debug-producing function is
about to be called.
The format boxes used for debug pretty-printing must use @, as
*separator* between two non-empty outputs. (We use vertical boxes
with indentation, where extraneous cuts give ugly output, so we
do not want to place a cut before each item or after each item.)
Each debug-outputting function can assume that it starts on a new
line, and is expected to *not* include a cut the end of its
output. The glue code that calls those functions is responsible
for placing separator cut @, between them.
In most cases we know statically that some output was produced
and some other output will follow, and place a cut separator @,
at the right places in the debug format strings. But sometimes it
is not obvious in the code that a separator is needed. This
function is meant to be used in those less obvious cases. *)
debugf "@,"
let dbg_split_and_precompile pm next nexts =
if
dbg ()
&& (nexts <> []
||
match next with
| PmOr _ -> true
| _ -> false
)
then (
debugf
"SPLIT@,\
%a@,\
@[<v 2>INTO:@,\
%a@]"
pretty_pm (erase_pm pm)
pretty_precompiled_res (next, nexts);
separate_debug_output
(* split_and_precompile is always followed by a compile_* function. *)
();
)
let split_and_precompile_simplified pm =
let { me = next }, nexts = split_no_or pm.cases pm.args pm.default [] in
dbg_split_and_precompile pm next nexts;
(next, nexts)
let split_and_precompile_half_simplified pm =
let { me = next }, nexts = split_or pm.cases pm.args pm.default in
dbg_split_and_precompile pm next nexts;
(next, nexts)
(* General divide functions *)
type cell = {
pm : (args, initial_clause) pattern_matching;
ctx : Context.t;
discr : Patterns.Head.t
}
(** a submatrix after specializing by discriminant pattern;
[ctx] is the context shared by all rows. *)
let make_matching get_expr_args head def ctx { first; rest } =
let def = Default_environment.specialize head def in
let first = { first with arg = arg_of_pure first.arg } in
let args = get_expr_args head first rest in
let ctx = Context.specialize head ctx in
{ pm = { cases = []; args; default = def }; ctx; discr = head }
let make_line_matching get_expr_args head def { first; rest } =
let first = { first with arg = arg_of_pure first.arg } in
{ cases = [];
args = get_expr_args head first rest;
default = Default_environment.specialize head def
}
type 'a division = {
args : split_args;
cells : ('a * cell) list
}
let add_in_div make_matching_fun eq_key key patl_action division =
let cells =
match List.find_opt (fun (k, _) -> eq_key key k) division.cells with
| None ->
let cell = make_matching_fun division.args in
cell.pm.cases <- [ patl_action ];
(key, cell) :: division.cells
| Some (_, cell) ->
cell.pm.cases <- patl_action :: cell.pm.cases;
division.cells
in
{ division with cells }
let divide get_expr_args eq_key get_key get_pat_args ctx
(pm : (split_args, Simple.clause) pattern_matching) =
let add ((p, patl), action) division =
let ph = Simple.head p in
let p = General.erase p in
add_in_div
(make_matching get_expr_args ph pm.default ctx)
eq_key (get_key p)
(get_pat_args p patl, action)
division
in
List.fold_right add pm.cases { args = pm.args; cells = [] }
let add_line patl_action pm =
pm.cases <- patl_action :: pm.cases;
pm
let divide_line make_ctx get_expr_args get_pat_args discr ctx
(pm : (split_args, Simple.clause) pattern_matching) =
let add ((p, patl), action) submatrix =
let p = General.erase p in
add_line (get_pat_args p patl, action) submatrix
in
let pm =
List.fold_right add pm.cases
(make_line_matching get_expr_args discr pm.default pm.args)
in
{ pm; ctx = make_ctx ctx; discr }
let drop_pat_arg _p rem = rem
let drop_expr_arg _head _arg rem = rem
(* Then come various functions,
There is one set of functions per matching style
(constants, constructors etc.)
- get_{expr,pat}_args and get_key are for the compiled matrices,
note that selection and getting arguments are separated.
- make_*_matching combines the previous functions for producing
new ``pattern_matching'' records.
*)
(* Matching against a constant *)
let get_key_constant caller = function
| { pat_desc = Tpat_constant cst } -> cst
| p ->
fatal_errorf "BAD(%s): %a"
caller
pretty_pat p
let get_pat_args_constant = drop_pat_arg
let get_expr_args_constant = drop_expr_arg
let divide_constant ctx m =
divide
get_expr_args_constant
(fun c d -> const_compare c d = 0)
(get_key_constant "divide")
get_pat_args_constant ctx m
(* Matching against a constructor *)
let get_key_constr = function
| { pat_desc = Tpat_construct (_, cstr, _, _) } -> cstr
| _ -> assert false
let get_pat_args_constr p rem =
match p with
| { pat_desc = Tpat_construct (_, _, args, _) } -> args @ rem
| _ -> assert false
let get_expr_args_constr ~scopes head { arg; mut; _ } rem =
let cstr =
match head.pat_desc with
| Patterns.Head.Construct cstr -> cstr
| _ -> fatal_error "Matching.get_expr_args_constr"
in
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
let make_field_accesses binding_kind first_pos last_pos argl =
let rec make_args pos =
if pos > last_pos then
argl
else
{
arg = Lprim (Pfield (pos, Pointer, Immutable), [ arg ], loc);
mut = compose_mut mut Immutable;
binding_kind;
} :: make_args (pos + 1)
in
make_args first_pos
in
if cstr.cstr_inlined <> None then
{ arg; binding_kind = Alias; mut } :: rem
else
match cstr.cstr_tag with
| Cstr_constant _
| Cstr_block _ ->
make_field_accesses Alias 0 (cstr.cstr_arity - 1) rem
| Cstr_unboxed -> { arg; binding_kind = Alias; mut } :: rem
| Cstr_extension _ -> make_field_accesses Alias 1 cstr.cstr_arity rem
let divide_constructor ~scopes ctx pm =
divide
(get_expr_args_constr ~scopes)
Data_types.equal_constr
get_key_constr
get_pat_args_constr
ctx pm
(* Matching against a variant *)
let get_expr_args_variant_constant = drop_expr_arg
let get_expr_args_variant_nonconst ~scopes head { arg; mut; _ } rem =
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
{
arg = Lprim (Pfield (1, Pointer, Immutable), [ arg ], loc);
binding_kind = Alias;
mut = compose_mut mut Immutable;
} :: rem
let divide_variant ~scopes row ctx { cases = cl; args; default = def } =
let rec divide = function
| [] -> { args; cells = [] }
| ((p, patl), action) :: rem
-> (
let lab, pato = match p.pat_desc with
| `Variant (lab, pato, _) -> lab, pato
| _ -> assert false
in
let head = Simple.head p in
let variants = divide rem in
if row_field_repr (get_row_field lab row) = Rabsent then
variants
else
let tag = Obj.hash_variant lab in
match pato with
| None ->
add_in_div
(make_matching get_expr_args_variant_constant head def ctx)
( = ) (Cstr_constant tag) (patl, action) variants
| Some pat ->
add_in_div
(make_matching
(get_expr_args_variant_nonconst ~scopes)
head def ctx)
( = ) (Cstr_block tag)
(pat :: patl, action)
variants
)
in
divide cl
(*
Three ``no-test'' cases
*)
(* Matching against a variable *)
let get_pat_args_var = drop_pat_arg
let get_expr_args_var = drop_expr_arg
let divide_var ctx pm =
divide_line Context.lshift
get_expr_args_var
get_pat_args_var
Patterns.Head.omega ctx pm
(* Matching and forcing a lazy value *)
let get_pat_args_lazy p rem =
match p with
| { pat_desc = Tpat_any } -> Patterns.omega :: rem
| { pat_desc = Tpat_lazy arg } -> arg :: rem
| _ -> assert false
(* Inlining the tag tests before calling the primitive that works on
lazy blocks. This is also used in translcore.ml.
No other call than Obj.tag when the value has been forced before.
*)
let prim_obj_tag = Primitive.simple ~name:"caml_obj_tag" ~arity:1 ~alloc:false
let code_force_lazy_block =
lazy (transl_prim "CamlinternalLazy" "force_lazy_block")
let code_force_lazy =
lazy (transl_prim "CamlinternalLazy" "force_gen")
(* inline_lazy_force inlines the beginning of the code of Lazy.force. When
the value argument is tagged as:
- forward, take field 0
- lazy || forcing, call the primitive that forces
- anything else, return it
Using Lswitch below relies on the fact that the GC does not shortcut
Forward(val_out_of_heap).
*)
let call_force_lazy_block varg loc =
(* The argument is wrapped with [Popaque] to prevent the rest of the compiler
from making any assumptions on its contents (see comments on
[CamlinternalLazy.force_gen], and discussions on PRs #9998 and #10909).
Alternatively, [ap_inlined] could be set to [Never_inline] to achieve a
similar result. *)
let force_fun = Lazy.force code_force_lazy_block in
Lapply
{ ap_tailcall = Default_tailcall;
ap_loc = loc;
ap_func = force_fun;
ap_args = [ Lprim (Popaque, [ varg ], loc) ];
ap_inlined = Default_inline;
ap_specialised = Default_specialise
}
let inline_lazy_force_cond arg loc =
let idarg = Ident.create_local "lzarg" in
let varg = Lvar idarg in
let tag = Ident.create_local "tag" in
let test_tag t =
Lprim(Pintcomp Ceq, [Lvar tag; Lconst(Const_int t)], loc)
in
Llet
( Strict,
Pgenval,
idarg,
arg,
Llet
( Alias,
Pgenval,
tag,
Lprim (Pccall prim_obj_tag, [ varg ], loc),
Lifthenelse
( (* if (tag == Obj.forward_tag) then varg.(0) else ... *)
test_tag Obj.forward_tag,
Lprim (Pfield (0, Pointer, Mutable), [ varg ], loc),
Lifthenelse
(
(* ... if tag == Obj.lazy_tag || tag == Obj.forcing_tag then
Lazy.force varg
else ... *)
Lprim (Psequor,
[test_tag Obj.lazy_tag; test_tag Obj.forcing_tag], loc),
call_force_lazy_block varg loc,
(* ... arg *)
varg ) ) ) )
let inline_lazy_force_switch arg loc =
let idarg = Ident.create_local "lzarg" in
let varg = Lvar idarg in
Llet
( Strict,
Pgenval,
idarg,
arg,
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (Pisint, [ varg ], loc),
varg,
Lswitch
( Lprim (Pccall prim_obj_tag, [ varg ], loc),
{ sw_numblocks = 0;
sw_blocks = [];
sw_numconsts = 256;
(* PR#6033 - tag ranges from 0 to 255 *)
sw_consts =
[ (Obj.forward_tag, Lprim (Pfield(0, Pointer, Mutable),
[ varg ], loc));
(Obj.lazy_tag, call_force_lazy_block varg loc);
(Obj.forcing_tag, call_force_lazy_block varg loc)
];
sw_failaction = Some varg
},
loc ) ) )
let inline_lazy_force arg loc =
if !Clflags.afl_instrument then
(* Disable inlining optimisation if AFL instrumentation active,
so that the GC forwarding optimisation is not visible in the
instrumentation output.
(see https://github.com/stedolan/crowbar/issues/14) *)
Lapply
{ ap_tailcall = Default_tailcall;
ap_loc = loc;
ap_func = Lazy.force code_force_lazy;
ap_args = [ Lconst (Const_int 0); arg ];
ap_inlined = Never_inline;
ap_specialised = Default_specialise
}
else if !Clflags.native_code then
(* Lswitch generates compact and efficient native code *)
inline_lazy_force_switch arg loc
else
(* generating bytecode: Lswitch would generate too many rather big
tables (~ 250 elts); conditionals are better *)
inline_lazy_force_cond arg loc
let get_expr_args_lazy ~scopes head { arg; mut; _ } rem =
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
{
arg = inline_lazy_force arg loc;
binding_kind = Strict;
mut = compose_mut mut Immutable;
(* A lazy pattern is considered immutable, forcing its argument
always returns the same value. *)
} :: rem
let divide_lazy ~scopes head ctx pm =
divide_line (Context.specialize head)
(get_expr_args_lazy ~scopes)
get_pat_args_lazy
head ctx pm
(* Matching against a tuple pattern *)
let get_pat_args_tuple arity p rem =
match p with
| { pat_desc = Tpat_any } -> Patterns.omegas arity @ rem
| { pat_desc = Tpat_tuple args } -> (List.map snd args) @ rem
| _ -> assert false
let get_expr_args_tuple ~scopes head { arg; mut; _ } rem =
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
let arity = Patterns.Head.arity head in
let rec make_args pos =
if pos >= arity then
rem
else
{
arg = Lprim (Pfield (pos, Pointer, Immutable), [ arg ], loc);
binding_kind = Alias;
mut = compose_mut mut Immutable;
} :: make_args (pos + 1)
in
make_args 0
let divide_tuple ~scopes head ctx pm =
let arity = Patterns.Head.arity head in
divide_line (Context.specialize head)
(get_expr_args_tuple ~scopes)
(get_pat_args_tuple arity)
head ctx pm
(* Matching against a record pattern *)
let record_matching_line num_fields lbl_pat_list =
let patv = Array.make num_fields Patterns.omega in
List.iter (fun (_, lbl, pat) -> patv.(lbl.lbl_pos) <- pat) lbl_pat_list;
Array.to_list patv
let get_pat_args_record num_fields p rem =
match p with
| { pat_desc = Tpat_any } -> record_matching_line num_fields [] @ rem
| { pat_desc = Tpat_record (lbl_pat_list, _) } ->
record_matching_line num_fields lbl_pat_list @ rem
| _ -> assert false
let get_expr_args_record ~scopes head { arg; mut; _ } rem =
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
let all_labels =
let open Patterns.Head in
match head.pat_desc with
| Record (lbl :: _) -> lbl.lbl_all
| Record []
| _ ->
assert false
in
let rec make_args pos =
if pos >= Array.length all_labels then
rem
else
let lbl = all_labels.(pos) in
let ptr = Typeopt.maybe_pointer_type head.pat_env lbl.lbl_arg in
let access =
match lbl.lbl_repres with
| Record_regular
| Record_inlined _ ->
Lprim (Pfield (lbl.lbl_pos, ptr, lbl.lbl_mut), [ arg ], loc)
| Record_unboxed _ -> arg
| Record_float -> Lprim (Pfloatfield lbl.lbl_pos, [ arg ], loc)
| Record_extension _ ->
Lprim (Pfield (lbl.lbl_pos + 1, ptr, lbl.lbl_mut), [ arg ], loc)
in
let binding_kind =
match lbl.lbl_mut with
| Immutable -> Alias
| Mutable -> StrictOpt
in
{
arg = access;
binding_kind;
mut = compose_mut mut lbl.lbl_mut;
} :: make_args (pos + 1)
in
make_args 0
let divide_record all_labels ~scopes head ctx pm =
(* There is some redundancy in the expansions here, [head] is
expanded here and again in the matcher. It would be
nicer to have a type-level distinction between expanded heads
and non-expanded heads, to be able to reason confidently on
when expansions must happen. *)
let head = expand_record_head head in
divide_line (Context.specialize head)
(get_expr_args_record ~scopes)
(get_pat_args_record (Array.length all_labels))
head ctx pm
(* Matching against an array pattern *)
let get_key_array = function
| { pat_desc = Tpat_array (_, patl) } -> List.length patl
| _ -> assert false
let get_pat_args_array p rem =
match p with
| { pat_desc = Tpat_array (_, patl) } -> patl @ rem
| _ -> assert false
let get_expr_args_array ~scopes kind head { arg; mut } rem =
let am, len =
let open Patterns.Head in
match head.pat_desc with
| Array (am, len) -> am, len
| _ -> assert false
in
let loc = head_loc ~scopes head in
let rec make_args pos =
if pos >= len then
rem
else
let arg =
Lprim
(Parrayrefu kind,
[ arg; Lconst (Const_int pos) ], loc)
in
{
arg;
binding_kind =
(match am with
| Mutable -> StrictOpt
| Immutable -> Alias);
mut = compose_mut mut am;
} :: make_args (pos + 1)
in
make_args 0
let divide_array ~scopes kind ctx pm =
divide
(get_expr_args_array ~scopes kind)
( = )
get_key_array get_pat_args_array
ctx pm
(*
Specific string test sequence
Will be called by the bytecode compiler, from bytegen.ml.
The strategy is first dichotomic search (we perform 3-way tests
with compare_string), then sequence of equality tests
when there are less then T=strings_test_threshold static strings to match.
Increasing T entails (slightly) less code, decreasing T
(slightly) favors runtime speed.
T=8 looks a decent tradeoff.
*)
(* Utilities *)
let strings_test_threshold = 8
let prim_string_notequal =
Pccall (Primitive.simple ~name:"caml_string_notequal" ~arity:2 ~alloc:false)
let prim_string_compare =
Pccall (Primitive.simple ~name:"caml_string_compare" ~arity:2 ~alloc:false)
let bind_sw arg k =
match arg with
| Lvar _ -> k arg
| _ ->
let id = Ident.create_local "switch" in
Llet (Strict, Pgenval, id, arg, k (Lvar id))
(* Sequential equality tests *)
let make_string_test_sequence loc arg sw d =
let d, sw =
match d with
| None -> (
match sw with
| (_, d) :: sw -> (d, sw)
| [] -> assert false
)
| Some d -> (d, sw)
in
bind_sw arg (fun arg ->
List.fold_right
(fun (str, lam) k ->
Lifthenelse
( Lprim
( prim_string_notequal,
[ arg; Lconst (Const_immstring str) ],
loc ),
k,
lam ))
sw d)
let rec split k xs =
match xs with
| [] -> assert false
| x0 :: xs ->
if k <= 1 then
([], x0, xs)
else
let xs, y0, ys = split (k - 2) xs in
(x0 :: xs, y0, ys)
let zero_lam = Lconst (Const_int 0)
let tree_way_test loc arg lt eq gt =
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (Pintcomp Clt, [ arg; zero_lam ], loc),
lt,
Lifthenelse (Lprim (Pintcomp Clt, [ zero_lam; arg ], loc), gt, eq) )
(* Dichotomic tree *)
let rec do_make_string_test_tree loc arg sw delta d =
let len = List.length sw in
if len <= strings_test_threshold + delta then
make_string_test_sequence loc arg sw d
else
let lt, (s, act), gt = split len sw in
bind_sw
(Lprim (prim_string_compare, [ arg; Lconst (Const_immstring s) ], loc))
(fun r ->
tree_way_test loc r
(do_make_string_test_tree loc arg lt delta d)
act
(do_make_string_test_tree loc arg gt delta d))
(* Entry point *)
let expand_stringswitch loc arg sw d =
match d with
| None -> bind_sw arg (fun arg -> do_make_string_test_tree loc arg sw 0 None)
| Some e ->
bind_sw arg (fun arg ->
make_catch e (fun d ->
do_make_string_test_tree loc arg sw 1 (Some d)))
(**********************)
(* Generic test trees *)
(**********************)
(* Sharing *)
(* Add handler, if shared *)
let handle_shared () =
let hs = ref (fun x -> x) in
let handle_shared act =
match act with
| Switch.Single act -> act
| Switch.Shared act ->
let i, h = make_catch_delayed act in
let ohs = !hs in
(hs := fun act -> h (ohs act));
make_exit i
in
(hs, handle_shared)
let share_actions_tree sw d =
let store = StoreExp.mk_store () in
(* Default action is always shared *)
let d =
match d with
| None -> None
| Some d -> Some (store.Switch.act_store_shared () d)
in
(* Store all other actions *)
let sw =
List.map (fun (cst, act) -> (cst, store.Switch.act_store () act)) sw
in
(* Retrieve all actions, including potential default *)
let acts = store.Switch.act_get_shared () in
(* Array of actual actions *)
let hs, handle_shared = handle_shared () in
let acts = Array.map handle_shared acts in
(* Reconstruct default and switch list *)
let d =
match d with
| None -> None
| Some d -> Some acts.(d)
in
let sw = List.map (fun (cst, j) -> (cst, acts.(j))) sw in
(!hs, sw, d)
(* Note: dichotomic search requires sorted input with no duplicates *)
let rec uniq_lambda_list sw =
match sw with
| []
| [ _ ] ->
sw
| ((c1, _) as p1) :: ((c2, _) :: sw2 as sw1) ->
if const_compare c1 c2 = 0 then
uniq_lambda_list (p1 :: sw2)
else
p1 :: uniq_lambda_list sw1
let sort_lambda_list l =
let l = List.stable_sort (fun (x, _) (y, _) -> const_compare x y) l in
uniq_lambda_list l
let rec do_tests_fail loc fail tst arg = function
| [] -> fail
| (c, act) :: rem ->
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (tst, [ arg; lambda_of_const c ], loc),
do_tests_fail loc fail tst arg rem,
act )
let rec do_tests_nofail loc tst arg = function
| [] -> fatal_error "Matching.do_tests_nofail"
| [ (_, act) ] -> act
| (c, act) :: rem ->
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (tst, [ arg; lambda_of_const c ], loc),
do_tests_nofail loc tst arg rem,
act )
let make_test_sequence loc fail tst lt_tst arg const_lambda_list =
let const_lambda_list = sort_lambda_list const_lambda_list in
let hs, const_lambda_list, fail =
share_actions_tree const_lambda_list fail
in
let rec make_test_sequence const_lambda_list =
if List.length const_lambda_list >= 4 && lt_tst <> Pignore then
split_sequence const_lambda_list
else
match fail with
| None -> do_tests_nofail loc tst arg const_lambda_list
| Some fail -> do_tests_fail loc fail tst arg const_lambda_list
and split_sequence const_lambda_list =
let list1, list2 =
rev_split_at (List.length const_lambda_list / 2) const_lambda_list
in
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (lt_tst, [ arg; lambda_of_const (fst (List.hd list2)) ], loc),
make_test_sequence list1,
make_test_sequence list2 )
in
hs (make_test_sequence const_lambda_list)
module SArg = struct
type primitive = Lambda.primitive
let eqint = Pintcomp Ceq
let neint = Pintcomp Cne
let leint = Pintcomp Cle
let ltint = Pintcomp Clt
let geint = Pintcomp Cge
let gtint = Pintcomp Cgt
type loc = Lambda.scoped_location
type arg = Lambda.lambda
type test = Lambda.lambda
type act = Lambda.lambda
let make_prim p args = Lprim (p, args, Loc_unknown)
let make_offset arg n =
match n with
| 0 -> arg
| _ -> Lprim (Poffsetint n, [ arg ], Loc_unknown)
let bind arg body =
let newvar, newarg =
match arg with
| Lvar v -> (v, arg)
| _ ->
let newvar = Ident.create_local "switcher" in
(newvar, Lvar newvar)
in
bind Alias newvar arg (body newarg)
let make_const i = Lconst (Const_int i)
let make_isout h arg = Lprim (Pisout, [ h; arg ], Loc_unknown)
let make_isin h arg = Lprim (Pnot, [ make_isout h arg ], Loc_unknown)
let make_is_nonzero arg =
if !Clflags.native_code then
Lprim (Pintcomp Cne,
[arg; Lconst (Const_int 0)],
Loc_unknown)
else
arg
let arg_as_test arg = arg
let make_if cond ifso ifnot = Lifthenelse (cond, ifso, ifnot)
let make_switch loc arg cases acts =
(* The [acts] array can contain arbitrary terms.
If several entries in the [cases] array point to the same action,
we must share it to avoid duplicating terms.
See PR#11893 on Github for an example where the other de-duplication
mechanisms do not apply. *)
let act_uses = Array.make (Array.length acts) 0 in
for i = 0 to Array.length cases - 1 do
act_uses.(cases.(i)) <- act_uses.(cases.(i)) + 1
done;
let wrapper = ref (fun lam -> lam) in
for j = 0 to Array.length acts - 1 do
if act_uses.(j) > 1 then begin
let nfail, wrap = make_catch_delayed acts.(j) in
acts.(j) <- make_exit nfail;
let prev_wrapper = !wrapper in
wrapper := (fun lam -> wrap (prev_wrapper lam))
end;
done;
let l = ref [] in
for i = Array.length cases - 1 downto 0 do
l := (i, acts.(cases.(i))) :: !l
done;
!wrapper (Lswitch
( arg,
{ sw_numconsts = Array.length cases;
sw_consts = !l;
sw_numblocks = 0;
sw_blocks = [];
sw_failaction = None
},
loc ))
let make_catch = make_catch_delayed
let make_exit = make_exit
end
(* Action sharing for Lswitch argument *)
let share_actions_sw sw =
(* Attempt sharing on all actions *)
let store = StoreExp.mk_store () in
let fail =
match sw.sw_failaction with
| None -> None
| Some fail ->
(* Fail is translated to exit, whatever happens *)
Some (store.Switch.act_store_shared () fail)
in
let consts =
List.map (fun (i, e) -> (i, store.Switch.act_store () e)) sw.sw_consts
and blocks =
List.map (fun (i, e) -> (i, store.Switch.act_store () e)) sw.sw_blocks
in
let acts = store.Switch.act_get_shared () in
let hs, handle_shared = handle_shared () in
let acts = Array.map handle_shared acts in
let fail =
match fail with
| None -> None
| Some fail -> Some acts.(fail)
in
( !hs,
{ sw with
sw_consts = List.map (fun (i, j) -> (i, acts.(j))) consts;
sw_blocks = List.map (fun (i, j) -> (i, acts.(j))) blocks;
sw_failaction = fail
} )
(* Reintroduce fail action in switch argument,
for the sake of avoiding carrying over huge switches *)
let reintroduce_fail sw =
match sw.sw_failaction with
| None ->
let t = Hashtbl.create 17 in
let seen (_, l) =
match as_simple_exit l with
| Some i ->
let old = try Hashtbl.find t i with Not_found -> 0 in
Hashtbl.replace t i (old + 1)
| None -> ()
in
List.iter seen sw.sw_consts;
List.iter seen sw.sw_blocks;
let c_max = ref (-1) in
let i_max = ref max_int in
Hashtbl.iter
(fun i c ->
if c > !c_max then (
i_max := i;
c_max := c
) else if c = !c_max then (
(* Pick the minimal [i] which has maximal [c], and not just
the first [i], as the Hashtbl iteration order is not
deterministic: see #14088. *)
i_max := min i !i_max;
))
t;
if !c_max >= 3 then
let default = !i_max in
let remove =
List.filter (fun (_, lam) ->
match as_simple_exit lam with
| Some j -> j <> default
| None -> true)
in
{ sw with
sw_consts = remove sw.sw_consts;
sw_blocks = remove sw.sw_blocks;
sw_failaction = Some (make_exit default)
}
else
sw
| Some _ -> sw
module Switcher = Switch.Make (SArg)
open Switch
let rec last def = function
| [] -> def
| [ (x, _) ] -> x
| _ :: rem -> last def rem
let get_edges ~low ~high l =
match l with
| [] -> (low, high)
| (x, _) :: _ -> (x, last high l)
let as_interval_canfail fail ~low ~high l =
let store = StoreExp.mk_store () in
let do_store _tag act =
let i = store.act_store () act in
(*
debugf "@,STORE [%s] %i %a" tag i Printlambda.lambda act;
*)
i
in
let rec nofail_rec cur_low cur_high cur_act = function
| [] ->
if cur_high = high then
[ (cur_low, cur_high, cur_act) ]
else
[ (cur_low, cur_high, cur_act); (cur_high + 1, high, 0) ]
| (i, act_i) :: rem as all ->
let act_index = do_store "NO" act_i in
if cur_high + 1 = i then
if act_index = cur_act then
nofail_rec cur_low i cur_act rem
else if act_index = 0 then
(cur_low, i - 1, cur_act) :: fail_rec i i rem
else
(cur_low, i - 1, cur_act) :: nofail_rec i i act_index rem
else if act_index = 0 then
(cur_low, cur_high, cur_act)
:: fail_rec (cur_high + 1) (cur_high + 1) all
else
(cur_low, cur_high, cur_act)
:: (cur_high + 1, i - 1, 0)
:: nofail_rec i i act_index rem
and fail_rec cur_low cur_high = function
| [] -> [ (cur_low, cur_high, 0) ]
| (i, act_i) :: rem ->
let index = do_store "YES" act_i in
if index = 0 then
fail_rec cur_low i rem
else
(cur_low, i - 1, 0) :: nofail_rec i i index rem
in
let init_rec = function
| [] -> [ (low, high, 0) ]
| (i, act_i) :: rem ->
let index = do_store "INIT" act_i in
if index = 0 then
fail_rec low i rem
else if low < i then
(low, i - 1, 0) :: nofail_rec i i index rem
else
nofail_rec i i index rem
in
assert (do_store "FAIL" fail = 0);
(* fail has action index 0 *)
let r = init_rec l in
(Array.of_list r, store)
let as_interval_nofail l =
let store = StoreExp.mk_store () in
let rec some_hole = function
| []
| [ _ ] ->
false
| (i, _) :: ((j, _) :: _ as rem) -> j > i + 1 || some_hole rem
in
let rec i_rec cur_low cur_high cur_act = function
| [] -> [ (cur_low, cur_high, cur_act) ]
| (i, act) :: rem ->
let act_index = store.act_store () act in
if act_index = cur_act then
i_rec cur_low i cur_act rem
else
(cur_low, cur_high, cur_act) :: i_rec i i act_index rem
in
let inters =
match l with
| (i, act) :: rem ->
let act_index =
(* In case there is some hole and that a switch is emitted,
action 0 will be used as the action of unreachable
cases (cf. switch.ml, make_switch).
Hence, this action will be shared *)
if some_hole rem then
store.act_store_shared () act
else
store.act_store () act
in
assert (act_index = 0);
i_rec i i act_index rem
| _ -> assert false
in
(Array.of_list inters, store)
let sort_int_lambda_list l =
List.sort
(fun (i1, _) (i2, _) ->
if i1 < i2 then
-1
else if i2 < i1 then
1
else
0)
l
let as_interval fail ?(low = min_int) ?(high = max_int) l =
let l = sort_int_lambda_list l in
( get_edges ~low ~high l,
match fail with
| None -> as_interval_nofail l
| Some act -> as_interval_canfail act ~low ~high l )
let call_switcher loc fail arg ?low ?high int_lambda_list =
let edges, (cases, actions) = as_interval fail ?low ?high int_lambda_list in
Switcher.zyva loc edges arg cases actions
let rec list_as_pat = function
| [] -> fatal_error "Matching.list_as_pat"
| [ pat ] -> pat
| pat :: rem -> { pat with pat_desc = Tpat_or (pat, list_as_pat rem, None) }
let complete_pats_constrs = function
| constr :: _ as constrs ->
let constr_of_pat cstr_pat =
cstr_pat.pat_desc in
let pat_of_constr cstr =
let open Patterns.Head in
to_omega_pattern { constr with pat_desc = Construct cstr } in
List.map pat_of_constr
(complete_constrs constr (List.map constr_of_pat constrs))
| _ -> assert false
(* a type of per-argument partiality information used by
[mk_failaction_*] functions to reason statically about which
partiality information is used for these per-argument functions. *)
type arg_partiality = Arg of partiality
let pp_arg_partiality ppf (Arg partial) = pp_partiality ppf partial
let comp_final_exit def =
(Default_environment.raise_final_exit def, Jumps.empty Partial)
let comp_exit partial ctx def =
match Default_environment.pop def with
| Some ((i, _), _) -> Some (Lstaticraise (i, []), Jumps.singleton i ctx)
| None ->
(* If we know that we are in Total match, we do not need to
generate a final exit in this case. *)
match partial.global with
| Total -> None
| Partial -> Some (comp_final_exit def)
(*
The following two ``failaction'' functions compute n, the trap
handler to jump to in case of failure of elementary tests.
*)
let mk_failaction_neg arg_partial ctx def =
debugf
"@,@[<v 2>COMBINE (mk_failaction_neg %a)@]"
pp_arg_partiality arg_partial
;
match arg_partial with
| Arg { current = Total; _ } ->
(None, Jumps.empty Total)
| Arg ({ current = Partial; _ } as partial) ->
match comp_exit partial ctx def with
| None -> (None, Jumps.empty Total)
| Some (lam, jumps) -> (Some lam, jumps)
(* In [mk_failaction_pos partial seen ctx defs],
- [partial] indicates whether the current switch
is exhaustive
- [seen] is the list of constructors accepted by the switch
(those that will be matched)
- [ctx] is the current context (what we know of the value
being matched)
- [defs] is the default environment (what inputs
are expected by the switches present at larger exit numbers).
The function returns a triple [(fail, fails, jumps)] containing
information for the failure cases, the constructors missing from
the current switch:
- [fail] is an optional 'default' action for the switch
- [fails] is a list of extra switch clauses to add for failure cases,
each jumping to a larger exit number
- [jumps] contains a jump summary for all these new cases
(context information for all exits they reach)
The general strategy is to compute an accurate list of [fails] and
try to avoid having a default action, as this generates better
code. But we choose to have a default action when the list [fails]
would be too large or too costly to compute.
Through its jump summary, [mk_failaction_pos] propagates "negative
information" about the constructors not taken. For example, if
a switch only accepts the [None] constructor, [mk_failaction_pos]
generates a failure clause along with context information that the
value reaching the failure clause must be [Some _].
*)
let mk_failaction_pos arg_partial seen ctx defs =
(* The failure patterns are formed of the constructors not present
in [seen]. For example, if [seen] is [[None]], then [fail_pats]
will be [[Some _]]. *)
let input_fail_pats = complete_pats_constrs seen in
if List.length input_fail_pats >= !Clflags.match_context_rows then (
(* Too many non-matched constructors -> reduced information. *)
let fail, jumps = mk_failaction_neg arg_partial ctx defs in
debugf
"@,@[<v 2>COMBINE (mk_failaction_pos)@,\
%a@,\
@[<v 2>FAIL:@,\
%t@]\
@]"
Default_environment.pp defs
( fun ppf -> match fail with
| None -> Format.fprintf ppf "<none>"
| Some lam -> Printlambda.lambda ppf lam
)
;
(fail, [], jumps)
) else (
let fail_pats_in_ctx =
List.filter_map (fun pat ->
let pat_ctx = Context.lub pat ctx in
if Context.is_empty pat_ctx then None
else Some (pat, pat_ctx)
) input_fail_pats in
let mk_fails fail_pats action =
List.map (fun pat -> (get_key_constr pat, action)) fail_pats
in
(* We compare our failure patterns against our default environment;
for each failure pattern we compute a good exit, and from
it build a failure clause/action and the corresponding jump
summary. *)
let rec fails_and_jumps defs fail_pats_in_ctx =
if fail_pats_in_ctx = [] then
(* We have assigned exit point to all failure patterns, so
we can stop iterating on the exits. *)
[], Jumps.empty Total
else match Default_environment.pop defs with
| Some ((idef, pss), rem) ->
(* Collect the failure patterns whose context matches the
matrix [pss] of the next exit [idef] in the default
environment. *)
let now, later =
List.partition_map (fun ((p, p_ctx) as fail_pat) ->
if Context.matches p_ctx pss
then Either.Left p
else Either.Right fail_pat
) fail_pats_in_ctx
in
if now = [] then fails_and_jumps rem later
else
let fails, jumps = fails_and_jumps rem later in
(* Grow the failing actions and jump summary for
these failure patterns. *)
let fails' =
mk_fails now (Lstaticraise (idef, [])) @ fails
in
let jumps' =
(* We specialize the current context to the or-pattern of
all fail patterns going to this exit. This is equivalent
to unioning the specialized contexts of each failure
pattern, but more efficient -- the union would have a lot
of redundancy. *)
let fail_pat = list_as_pat now in
let fail_ctx = Context.lub fail_pat ctx in
Jumps.add idef fail_ctx jumps
in
fails', jumps'
| None ->
match arg_partial with
| Arg { global = Total; _ } ->
(* If the pattern-matching is globally [Total], all
missing values are either ill-typed or they are
handled by a matrix of the default environment. The
remaining failing patterns cannot arise. *)
[], Jumps.empty Total
| Arg { global = Partial; _ } ->
(* in [Partial] mode, remaining failing patterns
go to the final exit. *)
let final_pats = List.map fst fail_pats_in_ctx in
mk_fails final_pats (Default_environment.raise_final_exit defs),
Jumps.empty Partial
in
let fails, jumps = fails_and_jumps defs fail_pats_in_ctx in
debugf
"@,@[<v 2>COMBINE (mk_failaction_pos %a)@,\
%a@,\
@[<v 2>CTX:@,\
%a@]@,\
@[<v 2>FAIL PATTERNS:@,\
%a@]@,\
@[<v 2>POSITIVE JUMPS (%a):%a@]\
@]"
pp_arg_partiality arg_partial
Default_environment.pp defs
Context.pp ctx
(Format.pp_print_list ~pp_sep:Format.pp_print_cut
Printpat.Compat.pretty_pat) input_fail_pats
pp_partial (Jumps.partial jumps)
Jumps.pp jumps
;
(None, fails, jumps)
)
let combine_constant loc arg cst partial ctx def
(const_lambda_list, total, _pats) =
let fail, local_jumps = mk_failaction_neg partial ctx def in
let lambda1 =
match (cst : Asttypes.constant) with
| Const_int _ ->
let int_lambda_list =
List.map
(function
| Asttypes.Const_int n, l -> (n, l)
| _ -> assert false)
const_lambda_list
in
call_switcher loc fail arg int_lambda_list
| Const_char _ ->
let int_lambda_list =
List.map
(function
| Asttypes.Const_char c, l -> (Char.code c, l)
| _ -> assert false)
const_lambda_list
in
call_switcher loc fail arg ~low:0 ~high:255 int_lambda_list
| Const_string _ ->
(* Note as the bytecode compiler may resort to dichotomic search,
the clauses of stringswitch are sorted with duplicates removed.
This partly applies to the native code compiler, which requires
no duplicates *)
let const_lambda_list = sort_lambda_list const_lambda_list in
let sw =
List.map
(fun (c, act) ->
match c with
| Const_string (s, _, _) -> (s, act)
| _ -> assert false)
const_lambda_list
in
let hs, sw, fail = share_actions_tree sw fail in
hs (Lstringswitch (arg, sw, fail, loc))
| Const_float _ ->
make_test_sequence loc fail (Pfloatcomp CFneq) (Pfloatcomp CFlt) arg
const_lambda_list
| Const_int32 _ ->
make_test_sequence loc fail
(Pbintcomp (Pint32, Cne))
(Pbintcomp (Pint32, Clt))
arg const_lambda_list
| Const_int64 _ ->
make_test_sequence loc fail
(Pbintcomp (Pint64, Cne))
(Pbintcomp (Pint64, Clt))
arg const_lambda_list
| Const_nativeint _ ->
make_test_sequence loc fail
(Pbintcomp (Pnativeint, Cne))
(Pbintcomp (Pnativeint, Clt))
arg const_lambda_list
in
(lambda1, Jumps.union local_jumps total)
let split_cases tag_lambda_list =
let rec split_rec = function
| [] -> ([], [])
| (cstr_tag, act) :: rem -> (
let consts, nonconsts = split_rec rem in
match cstr_tag with
| Cstr_constant n -> ((n, act) :: consts, nonconsts)
| Cstr_block n -> (consts, (n, act) :: nonconsts)
| Cstr_unboxed -> (consts, (0, act) :: nonconsts)
| Cstr_extension _ -> assert false
)
in
let const, nonconst = split_rec tag_lambda_list in
(sort_int_lambda_list const, sort_int_lambda_list nonconst)
let split_extension_cases tag_lambda_list =
let rec split_rec = function
| [] -> ([], [])
| (cstr_tag, act) :: rem -> (
let consts, nonconsts = split_rec rem in
match cstr_tag with
| Cstr_extension (path, true) -> ((path, act) :: consts, nonconsts)
| Cstr_extension (path, false) -> (consts, (path, act) :: nonconsts)
| _ -> assert false
)
in
split_rec tag_lambda_list
let transl_match_on_option arg loc ~if_some ~if_none =
(* Keeping the Pisint test would make the bytecode
slightly worse, but it lets the native compiler generate
better code -- see #10681. *)
if !Clflags.native_code then
Lifthenelse(Lprim (Pisint, [ arg ], loc), if_none, if_some)
else
Lifthenelse(arg, if_some, if_none)
let combine_extension_constructor loc arg pat_env partial ctx def
(descr_lambda_list, total1, _pats) =
let tag_lambda (cstr, act) = (cstr.cstr_tag, act) in
let fail, local_jumps = mk_failaction_neg partial ctx def in
let lambda1 =
let consts, nonconsts =
split_extension_cases (List.map tag_lambda descr_lambda_list) in
let default, consts, nonconsts =
match fail with
| None -> (
match (consts, nonconsts) with
| _, (_, act) :: rem -> (act, consts, rem)
| (_, act) :: rem, _ -> (act, rem, nonconsts)
| _ -> assert false
)
| Some fail -> (fail, consts, nonconsts)
in
let nonconst_lambda =
match nonconsts with
| [] -> default
| _ ->
let tag = Ident.create_local "tag" in
let tests =
List.fold_right
(fun (path, act) rem ->
let ext = transl_extension_path loc pat_env path in
Lifthenelse
(Lprim (Pintcomp Ceq, [ Lvar tag; ext ], loc), act, rem))
nonconsts default
in
Llet (Alias, Pgenval, tag,
Lprim (Pfield (0, Pointer, Immutable), [ arg ], loc), tests)
in
List.fold_right
(fun (path, act) rem ->
let ext = transl_extension_path loc pat_env path in
Lifthenelse (Lprim (Pintcomp Ceq, [ arg; ext ], loc), act, rem))
consts nonconst_lambda
in
(lambda1, Jumps.union local_jumps total1)
let combine_regular_constructor loc arg cstr partial ctx def
(descr_lambda_list, total1, pats) =
let tag_lambda (cstr, act) = (cstr.cstr_tag, act) in
(* Regular concrete type *)
let ncases = List.length descr_lambda_list
and nconstrs = cstr.cstr_consts + cstr.cstr_nonconsts in
let sig_complete = ncases = nconstrs in
let fail_opt, fails, local_jumps =
if sig_complete then
(None, [], Jumps.empty Total)
else
let constrs =
List.map2 (fun (constr, _act) p -> { p with pat_desc = constr })
descr_lambda_list pats in
mk_failaction_pos partial constrs ctx def
in
let descr_lambda_list = fails @ descr_lambda_list in
let consts, nonconsts =
split_cases (List.map tag_lambda descr_lambda_list) in
(* Our duty below is to generate code, for matching on a list of
constructor+action cases, that is good for both bytecode and
native-code compilation. (Optimizations that only work well
for one backend should be done in the backend.)
The [Lswitch] construct is generally an excellent choice, as
it generates a single instruction in bytecode, and can be
turned into efficient, simpler control-flow constructs in
native-code. (The lambda/switch.ml module is precisely
responsible for efficiently compiling switches to simpler
tests.)
Some additional optimizations make sense here when they let
us generate better code, including in bytecode: the generated
code should still fit in one bytecode instruction or less.
[Lswitch] has the downside of always needing a byte per
constructor in the generated bytecode, even when many actions
are shared. For types with a lot of constructors, calling the
switcher directly can result in more compact code. This is
a reason to deviate from the one-instruction policy.
*)
let lambda1 =
match (fail_opt, same_actions descr_lambda_list) with
| None, Some act ->
(* Identical actions, no failure: 0 control-flow instructions. *)
act
| _ -> (
match
(cstr.cstr_consts, cstr.cstr_nonconsts, consts, nonconsts)
with
| 1, 1, [ (0, act1) ], [ (0, act2) ] ->
(* This case is very frequent, it corresponds to
options and lists. *)
transl_match_on_option arg loc ~if_none:act1 ~if_some:act2
| n, 0, _, [] ->
(* The matched type defines constant constructors only.
(typically the constant cases are dense, so
call_switcher will generate a Lswitch, still one
instruction.) *)
call_switcher loc fail_opt arg ~low:0 ~high:(n - 1) consts
| n, _, _, _ -> (
let act0 =
(* = Some act when all non-const constructors match to act *)
match (fail_opt, nonconsts) with
| Some a, [] -> Some a
| Some _, _ ->
if List.length nonconsts = cstr.cstr_nonconsts then
same_actions nonconsts
else
None
| None, _ -> same_actions nonconsts
in
match act0 with
| Some act ->
(* This case deviates from our policy, by typically
generating three bytecode instructions.
It can save a lot of bytecode space when matching
on a type with many non-constant constructors,
all sent to the same action. This pattern occurs
several times in the compiler codebase
(for example), due to code fragments such as the
following:
match token with SEMISEMI -> true | _ -> false
(The type of tokens has more than 120 constructors.)
*)
Lifthenelse
( Lprim (Pisint, [ arg ], loc),
call_switcher loc fail_opt arg
~low:0 ~high:(n - 1) consts,
act )
| None ->
(* In the general case, emit a switch. *)
let sw =
{ sw_numconsts = cstr.cstr_consts;
sw_consts = consts;
sw_numblocks = cstr.cstr_nonconsts;
sw_blocks = nonconsts;
sw_failaction = fail_opt
}
in
let hs, sw = share_actions_sw sw in
let sw = reintroduce_fail sw in
hs (Lswitch (arg, sw, loc))
)
)
in
(lambda1, Jumps.union local_jumps total1)
let combine_constructor loc arg pat_env cstr partial ctx def actions =
match cstr.cstr_tag with
| Cstr_extension _ ->
combine_extension_constructor loc arg pat_env partial ctx def actions
| _ ->
combine_regular_constructor loc arg cstr partial ctx def actions
let make_test_sequence_variant_constant fail arg int_lambda_list =
let _, (cases, actions) = as_interval fail int_lambda_list in
Switcher.test_sequence arg cases actions
let call_switcher_variant_constant loc fail arg int_lambda_list =
call_switcher loc fail arg int_lambda_list
let call_switcher_variant_constr loc fail arg int_lambda_list =
let v = Ident.create_local "variant" in
Llet
( Alias,
Pgenval,
v,
Lprim (Pfield (0, Pointer, Immutable), [ arg ], loc),
call_switcher loc fail (Lvar v) int_lambda_list )
let combine_variant loc row arg partial ctx def (tag_lambda_list, total1, _pats)
=
let num_constr = ref 0 in
if row_closed row then
List.iter
(fun (_, f) ->
match row_field_repr f with
| Rabsent
| Reither (true, _ :: _, _) ->
()
| _ -> incr num_constr)
(row_fields row)
else
num_constr := max_int;
let test_int_or_block arg if_int if_block =
Lifthenelse (Lprim (Pisint, [ arg ], loc), if_int, if_block)
in
let sig_complete = List.length tag_lambda_list = !num_constr
and one_action = same_actions tag_lambda_list in
let fail, local_jumps =
if
sig_complete
||
match partial with
| Arg { current = Total; _ } -> true
| Arg { current = Partial; _ } -> false
then
(None, Jumps.empty Total)
else
mk_failaction_neg partial ctx def
in
let consts, nonconsts = split_cases tag_lambda_list in
let lambda1 =
match (fail, one_action) with
| None, Some act -> act
| _, _ -> (
match (consts, nonconsts) with
| [ (_, act1) ], [ (_, act2) ] when fail = None ->
test_int_or_block arg act1 act2
| _, [] -> (
let lam = make_test_sequence_variant_constant fail arg consts in
(* PR#11587: Switcher.test_sequence expects integer inputs, so
if the type allows pointers we must filter them away. *)
match fail with
| None -> lam
| Some fail -> test_int_or_block arg lam fail
)
| [], _ -> (
let lam = call_switcher_variant_constr loc fail arg nonconsts in
(* One must not dereference integers *)
match fail with
| None -> lam
| Some fail -> test_int_or_block arg fail lam
)
| _, _ ->
let lam_const = call_switcher_variant_constant loc fail arg consts
and lam_nonconst =
call_switcher_variant_constr loc fail arg nonconsts
in
test_int_or_block arg lam_const lam_nonconst
)
in
(lambda1, Jumps.union local_jumps total1)
let combine_array loc arg kind partial ctx def (len_lambda_list, total1, _pats)
=
let fail, local_jumps = mk_failaction_neg partial ctx def in
let lambda1 =
let newvar = Ident.create_local "len" in
let switch =
call_switcher loc fail (Lvar newvar) ~low:0 len_lambda_list
in
bind Alias newvar (Lprim (Parraylength kind, [ arg ], loc)) switch
in
(lambda1, Jumps.union local_jumps total1)
(* Insertion of debugging events *)
let rec event_branch repr lam =
match (lam, repr) with
| _, None -> lam
| Levent (lam', ev), Some r ->
incr r;
Levent
( lam',
{ lev_loc = ev.lev_loc;
lev_kind = ev.lev_kind;
lev_repr = repr;
lev_env = ev.lev_env
} )
| Llet (str, k, id, lam, body), _ ->
Llet (str, k, id, lam, event_branch repr body)
| Lstaticraise _, _ -> lam
| _, Some _ ->
fatal_errorf "Matching.event_branch: %a" Printlambda.lambda lam
(*
This exception is raised when the compiler cannot produce code
because control cannot reach the compiled clause,
Unused is raised initially in compile_test.
compile_list (for compiling switch results) catch Unused
comp_match_handlers (for compiling split matches)
may reraise Unused
*)
exception Unused
let compile_list compile_fun division =
let rec c_rec totals = function
| [] -> ([], Jumps.unions totals, [])
| (key, cell) :: rem -> (
if Context.is_empty cell.ctx then
c_rec totals rem
else begin
match compile_fun cell.ctx cell.pm with
| exception Unused ->
if rem <> [] then separate_debug_output ();
c_rec totals rem
| lambda1, total1 ->
if rem <> [] then separate_debug_output ();
let c_rem, total, new_discrs =
c_rec (Jumps.map Context.combine total1 :: totals) rem
in
( (key, lambda1) :: c_rem,
total,
Patterns.Head.to_omega_pattern cell.discr :: new_discrs )
end
)
in
c_rec [] division
let compile_orhandlers compile_fun lambda1 total1 ctx to_catch =
let rec do_rec r total_r = function
| [] -> (r, total_r)
| { provenance = mat; exit = i; vars; pm } :: rem -> (
let ctx = Context.select_columns mat ctx in
match compile_fun ctx pm with
| exception Unused ->
if rem <> [] then separate_debug_output ();
do_rec (Lstaticcatch (r, (i, vars), lambda_unit)) total_r rem
| handler_i, total_i ->
if rem <> [] then separate_debug_output ();
begin match raw_action r with
| Lstaticraise (j, args) ->
if i = j then
( List.fold_right2
(bind_with_value_kind Alias)
vars args handler_i,
Jumps.map (Context.rshift_num (ncols mat)) total_i )
else
do_rec r total_r rem
| _ ->
do_rec
(Lstaticcatch (r, (i, vars), handler_i))
(Jumps.union (Jumps.remove i total_r)
(Jumps.map (Context.rshift_num (ncols mat)) total_i))
rem
end
)
in
do_rec lambda1 total1 to_catch
let compile_test compile_fun arg_partial divide combine ctx to_match =
let division = divide ctx to_match in
let c_div = compile_list compile_fun division.cells in
match c_div with
| [], _, _ -> (
match mk_failaction_neg arg_partial ctx to_match.default with
| None, _ -> raise Unused
| Some l, total -> (l, total)
)
| _ -> combine ctx to_match.default c_div
(* Attempt to avoid some useless bindings by lowering them *)
(* Approximation of v present in lam *)
let rec approx_present v = function
| Lconst _ -> false
| Lstaticraise (_, args) ->
List.exists (fun lam -> approx_present v lam) args
| Lprim (_, args, _) -> List.exists (fun lam -> approx_present v lam) args
| Llet (Alias, _k, _, l1, l2) -> approx_present v l1 || approx_present v l2
| Lvar vv -> Ident.same v vv
| _ -> true
let rec lower_bind v arg lam =
match lam with
| Lifthenelse (cond, ifso, ifnot) -> (
let pcond = approx_present v cond
and pso = approx_present v ifso
and pnot = approx_present v ifnot in
match (pcond, pso, pnot) with
| false, false, false -> lam
| false, true, false -> Lifthenelse (cond, lower_bind v arg ifso, ifnot)
| false, false, true -> Lifthenelse (cond, ifso, lower_bind v arg ifnot)
| _, _, _ -> bind Alias v arg lam
)
| Lswitch (ls, ({ sw_consts = [ (i, act) ]; sw_blocks = [] } as sw), loc)
when not (approx_present v ls) ->
Lswitch (ls, { sw with sw_consts = [ (i, lower_bind v arg act) ] }, loc)
| Lswitch (ls, ({ sw_consts = []; sw_blocks = [ (i, act) ] } as sw), loc)
when not (approx_present v ls) ->
Lswitch (ls, { sw with sw_blocks = [ (i, lower_bind v arg act) ] }, loc)
| Llet (Alias, k, vv, lv, l) ->
if approx_present v lv then
bind Alias v arg lam
else
Llet (Alias, k, vv, lv, lower_bind v arg l)
| _ -> bind Alias v arg lam
let bind_check kind v arg lam =
match (kind, arg) with
| _, Lvar _ -> bind kind v arg lam
| Alias, _ -> lower_bind v arg lam
| _, _ -> bind kind v arg lam
let rec comp_match_handlers comp_fun partial ctx first_match next_matches =
match next_matches with
| [] -> comp_fun partial ctx first_match
| (_, second_match) :: next_next_matches -> (
let rec c_rec body jumps_body = function
| [] -> (body, jumps_body)
| (i, pm_i) :: rem -> (
let partial =
(* [c_rec] is only called on [Following] sub-matrices;
this is the key point where the [Following]
temporality is introduced in the pattern-matching
compilation. *)
{ partial with tempo = Following } in
separate_debug_output ();
let ctx_i, jumps_rem = Jumps.extract i jumps_body in
if Context.is_empty ctx_i then
c_rec body jumps_body rem
else begin
(* All those submatrices are [Partial], except possibly
for the last one. *)
let partial = match rem with
| [] -> partial
| _ -> { partial with current = Partial }
in
match comp_fun partial ctx_i pm_i with
| lambda_i, jumps_i ->
c_rec
(Lstaticcatch (body, (i, []), lambda_i))
(Jumps.union jumps_i jumps_rem)
rem
| exception Unused ->
c_rec
(Lstaticcatch (body, (i, []), lambda_unit))
jumps_rem rem
end
)
in
match comp_fun { partial with current = Partial } ctx first_match with
| first_lam, jumps ->
c_rec first_lam jumps next_matches
| exception Unused ->
separate_debug_output ();
comp_match_handlers comp_fun partial ctx second_match next_next_matches
)
(* To find reasonable names for variables *)
let rec name_pattern default = function
| ((pat, _), _) :: rem -> (
match pat.pat_desc with
| Tpat_var (id, _, _) -> id
| Tpat_alias (_, id, _, _, _) -> id
| _ -> name_pattern default rem
)
| _ -> Ident.create_local default
let arg_to_var arg cls =
match arg with
| Lvar v -> v
| _ -> name_pattern "*match*" cls
(*
The main compilation function.
Input:
repr=used for inserting debug events
partial=exhaustiveness information from Parmatch
ctx=a context
m=a pattern matching
Output: a lambda term, a jump summary {..., exit number -> context, ... }
*)
let rec compile_match ~scopes repr partial ctx
(m : (args, initial_clause) pattern_matching) : lambda * Jumps.t =
match m.cases with
| ([], action) :: rem ->
let res =
if is_guarded action then
let lambda, total =
compile_match ~scopes None partial ctx { m with cases = rem }
in
(event_branch repr (patch_guarded lambda action), total)
else
(event_branch repr action, Jumps.empty Total)
in
debugf "empty matrix%t"
(fun ppf -> if is_guarded action then Format.fprintf ppf " (guarded)");
res
| nonempty_cases ->
compile_match_nonempty ~scopes repr partial ctx
{ m with cases = map_on_rows Non_empty_row.of_initial nonempty_cases }
and compile_match_nonempty ~scopes repr partial ctx
(m : (args, Typedtree.pattern Non_empty_row.t clause) pattern_matching) =
match m with
| { cases = []; args = [] } ->
begin match comp_exit partial ctx m.default with
| None -> fatal_error "Matching: impossible empty matrix in a Total match"
| Some exit -> exit
end
| { args = { arg; binding_kind; _ } as first :: rest } ->
let v = arg_to_var arg m.cases in
bind_match_arg binding_kind v arg (
let args = { first = { first with arg = Var v }; rest } in
let cases = List.map (half_simplify_nonempty ~arg:(Lvar v)) m.cases in
let m = { m with args; cases } in
let first_match, rem =
split_and_precompile_half_simplified m in
combine_handlers ~scopes repr partial ctx first_match rem
)
| _ -> assert false
and compile_match_simplified ~scopes repr partial ctx
(m : (split_args, Simple.clause) pattern_matching) =
let first_match, rem = split_and_precompile_simplified m in
combine_handlers ~scopes repr partial ctx first_match rem
(* Note on [compute_arg_partial].
Partiality information is provided by the
type-checker. A pattern-matching is compiled as Total if the
type-checker verified that any well-typed value of the scrutinee
type is matched by at least one unguarded clause.
The pattern-matching compiler also tracks information relevant to
partiality/exhaustiveness: it checks that a switch on constructors
is 'complete' (all constructors at that type are matched), and it
carries fine-grained context information that allows to determine
that some incomplete switches are in fact exhaustive
(missing constructors were matched previously), or refine
information about which constructors are left to match for the
following switches.
Sometimes the pattern-matching compiler cannot tell that a switch
on an argument is complete, but the type-checker can. This is the
case in particular for GADTs -- the compiler does not use type
information to rule certain constructors out.
type _ t =
| Int : int -> int t
| Bool : bool -> bool t
let total_function : int t -> int = function
| Int n -> n
In these cases we want to trust the type-checker totality
information to generate better code: we know that the only possible
constructor is [Int], so we can generate branchless code that
fetches its argument directly. Users rely on this performant
compilation scheme for GADTs.
Trusting the totality information also lets us avoid computing
fine-grained 'negative' information, which can avoid some
pathological cases for pattern-matching compilation. (The vast
majority of 'match' and 'function' uses in practice are total.)
On the other hand, there are cases where the type-checker wrongly
believes that a matching is total, because its totality criterion
(all well-typed values are matched by a non-guarded clause) ignores
side-effects.
let r = ref (Some 42)
let () = match Some r with
| { contents = None } -> 0
| _ when (r := None; false) -> 1
| { contents = Some n } -> n
In this example, the pattern-matching compiler will notice that the
[Some n] case is not total (this is thanks to the use of
[set_args_erase_mutable] in Context.combine), but the type-checker
believes that it is total, so that the only possible value reaching
the third clause has a [Some] constructor. Trusting the
type-checker would lead us to generate a direct field access to the
[Some] argument, which is unsound as the value at this point has
become [None].
The job of [compute_arg_partial] is to combine the totality
information coming from the type-checker and contextual information
provided by the compiler to decide whether a switch on a given
argument should be considered partial or not, in a way that is
correct but does not pessimize too many code patterns.
The criterion that we use is based on two contextual informations:
- [mut]: is the current sub-value we are switching over placed
(transitively) under a mutable field?
- [tempo]: is this always the first switch on this position,
or did some value jump here after coming from previous submatrices
that may already have switched on the position?
If [mut = Mutable], that is we are in a transitivitely mutable position,
and [tempo = Following], this may not be the first switch on this position,
then we pessimize totality information.
Remark: when we split a matrix into several submatrices that have
to be tried in turn, and the original matrix was in a [Total]
context, we compile all submatrices as [Partial] except for the
very last one that remains [Total] -- see
{!comp_match_handlers}. And that very last matrix will be
a [Following] matrix, unless there was no actual split -- we split
into only one matrix. The criterion above can thus be understood
as: either we are at an [Immutable] position, or there was no
actual split from the root of the pattern-matching to the current
submatrix.
With this criterion, pure patterns are never pessimized, but even
patterns that have some GADTs and some non-GADT mutable components
work well -- for example, a pair of a GADT value and
a reference. On the other hand, matching on GADTs inside
a reference is pessimized when the GADT matching occurs under
a mutable constructor and after a split.
*)
(* The code should ensure that all partiality information that is used
to make code-generation decisions has gone through
[compute_arg_partial]. To do this statically we distinguish the
general type [partial] of partiality information from the
specialized type [arg_partial] used to make code-generation
decisions for a given argument switch. *)
and compute_arg_partial partial mut =
match partial.tempo, mut with
| Following, Mutable -> Arg { partial with global = Partial }
| First, _ | _, Immutable -> Arg partial
and mut_of_binding_kind =
(* This is somewhat of a hack: we notice that a pattern-matching
argument is mutable (its value can change if evaluated
several times) exactly when it is bound as StrictOpt. Alias
bindings are obviously pure, but Strict bindings are also only
used in the pattern-matching compiler for expressions that give
the same value when evaluated twice.
An alternative would be to track 'mutability of the field'
directly.
*)
function
| Strict | Alias -> Immutable
| StrictOpt -> Mutable
and bind_match_arg kind v arg (lam, jumps) =
let jumps =
(* If the Lambda expression [arg] to access the first argument is
a mutable field read, then its binding and evaluation may be
emitted in different calls to [combine_handlers] on the same
column. Consider for example:
type ('a, 'b) mut_second = { immut : 'a; mutable mut : 'b; }
function
| {immut = false; mut = None} -> -1
| {immut = true ; mut = None} -> 0
| {immut = _ ; mut = Some n} -> n
When compiling this example, [immut] will be matched first, and
each case will perform a [None] check and also jump to a shared
exit handler containing the [Some n] clause. The field access
to the [mut] field will be emitted three times, in each branch
of the switch and in the shared handler.
In the general case, the value of the mutable field may change
between the reads (due to a [when] guard or even a race from
another thread or domain), so we must be careful not to
propagate context information that could have become
incorrect. We "fix" the context information on mutable arguments
by calling [Context.erase_first_col] below.
*)
match mut_of_binding_kind kind with
| Immutable -> jumps
| Mutable ->
Jumps.map Context.erase_first_col jumps in
(bind_check kind v arg lam,
jumps)
and combine_handlers ~scopes repr partial ctx first_match rem =
comp_match_handlers
(( if dbg () then
do_compile_matching_pr ~scopes
else
do_compile_matching ~scopes
)
repr)
partial ctx first_match rem
(* verbose version of do_compile_matching, for debug *)
and do_compile_matching_pr ~scopes repr partial ctx x =
debugf
"@[<v>MATCH %a\
@,%a"
pp_partiality partial
pretty_precompiled x;
debugf "@,@[<v 2>CTX:@,%a@]"
Context.pp ctx;
debugf "@,@[<v 2>COMPILE:@,";
let ((_, jumps) as r) =
try do_compile_matching ~scopes repr partial ctx x with
| exn ->
debugf "EXN (%s)@]@]" (Printexc.to_string exn);
raise exn
in
debugf "@]";
debugf "%a" Jumps.pp_section jumps;
debugf "@]";
r
and do_compile_matching ~scopes repr partial ctx pmh =
match pmh with
| Pm pm -> (
let first = pm.args.first in
let arg = arg_of_pure first.arg in
let arg_partial =
compute_arg_partial partial first.mut
(* It is important to distinguish:
- [arg_partial]: the partiality information that will
be used to compile the 'upcoming' switch on the first argument
- [partial]: the partiality information that will be used
recursively for all submatrices, including on different columns.
If the argument is in a transivitely-mutable position, we
conservatively consider the switch Partial (this is the
role of [compute_arg_partial]), but this should not
pessimize the compilation of other columns. *)
in
let ph = what_is_cases pm.cases in
let pomega = Patterns.Head.to_omega_pattern ph in
let ploc = head_loc ~scopes ph in
let compile_no_test divide combine =
compile_no_test ~scopes divide combine repr partial ctx pm
in
let compile_test divide combine =
compile_test
(compile_match ~scopes repr partial)
arg_partial divide combine ctx pm
in
let open Patterns.Head in
match ph.pat_desc with
| Any ->
compile_no_test
divide_var
Context.rshift
| Tuple _ ->
compile_no_test
(divide_tuple ~scopes ph)
Context.combine
| Record [] -> assert false
| Record (lbl :: _) ->
compile_no_test
(divide_record ~scopes lbl.lbl_all ph)
Context.combine
| Constant cst ->
compile_test
divide_constant
(combine_constant ploc arg cst arg_partial)
| Construct cstr ->
compile_test
(divide_constructor ~scopes)
(combine_constructor ploc arg ph.pat_env cstr arg_partial)
| Array _ ->
let kind = Typeopt.array_pattern_kind pomega in
compile_test
(divide_array ~scopes kind)
(combine_array ploc arg kind arg_partial)
| Lazy ->
compile_no_test
(divide_lazy ~scopes ph)
Context.combine
| Variant { cstr_row = row } ->
compile_test
(divide_variant ~scopes !row)
(combine_variant ploc !row arg arg_partial)
)
| PmVar { inside = pmh } ->
let lam, total =
do_compile_matching ~scopes repr partial (Context.lshift ctx) pmh
in
(lam, Jumps.map Context.rshift total)
| PmOr { body; handlers } ->
let lam, total =
compile_match_simplified ~scopes repr partial ctx body in
compile_orhandlers (compile_match ~scopes repr partial)
lam total ctx handlers
and compile_no_test ~scopes divide up_ctx repr partial ctx to_match =
let { pm = this_match; ctx = this_ctx } = divide ctx to_match in
let lambda, total =
compile_match ~scopes repr partial this_ctx this_match in
(lambda, Jumps.map up_ctx total)
(* The entry points *)
type failer_kind =
| Raise_match_failure
| Reraise_noloc of lambda
| Reperform_noloc of lambda list
let failure_handler ~scopes loc ~failer () =
match failer with
| Reperform_noloc reperform_lst ->
Lprim (Preperform, reperform_lst, Loc_unknown)
| Reraise_noloc exn_lam ->
Lprim (Praise Raise_reraise, [ exn_lam ], Scoped_location.Loc_unknown)
| Raise_match_failure ->
let sloc = Scoped_location.of_location ~scopes loc in
let slot =
transl_extension_path sloc
Env.initial Predef.path_match_failure
in
let fname, line, char =
Location.get_pos_info loc.Location.loc_start in
Lprim
( Praise Raise_regular,
[ Lprim
( Pmakeblock (0, Immutable, None),
[ slot;
Lconst
(Const_block
( 0,
[ Const_immstring fname;
Const_int line;
Const_int char
] ))
],
sloc )
],
sloc )
let toplevel_handler ~scopes loc ~failer partial args cases compile_fun =
let compile_fun partial pm =
debugf "@[<v>MATCHING@,";
let result = compile_fun partial pm in
debugf "@]@.";
result
in
let final_exit = next_raise_count () in
let default = Default_environment.empty ~final_exit in
let pm = { args; cases; default } in
let partial =
let only_refutations =
(* Example: [function _ -> .]. *)
cases = []
in
if only_refutations || !Clflags.safer_matching
then Partial
else partial
in
let partial = { current = partial; global = partial; tempo = First; } in
begin match compile_fun partial pm with
| exception Unused -> assert false
| (lam, jumps) ->
match Jumps.partial jumps with
| Total -> lam
| Partial ->
if partial.global = Total then begin
(* In this case the type-checker believed the
pattern-matching to be Total, but the compiler found it
to be Partial. See the discussion in the "Warning
reference" section of the reference manual. *)
let warning = Warnings.Degraded_to_partial_match in
if Warnings.is_active warning then
Location.prerr_warning loc warning
end;
Lstaticcatch (lam, (final_exit, []),
failure_handler ~scopes loc ~failer ())
end
let root_arg arg binding_kind =
(* The mutability information denotes the mutability of a *position*
inside the value, which indicates whether looking inside the
value of the scrutinee is a pure operation. At the root we are
immutable. *)
{ arg; binding_kind; mut = Immutable }
let compile_matching ~scopes loc ~failer repr arg pat_act_list partial =
let args = [ root_arg arg Strict ] in
let rows = map_on_rows (fun pat -> (pat, [])) pat_act_list in
let handler =
toplevel_handler ~scopes loc ~failer partial args rows
in
handler (fun partial pm ->
compile_match_nonempty ~scopes repr partial (Context.start 1) pm
)
let for_function ~scopes loc repr param pat_act_list partial =
compile_matching ~scopes loc ~failer:Raise_match_failure
repr param pat_act_list partial
(* In the following two cases, exhaustiveness info is not available! *)
let for_trywith ~scopes loc param pat_act_list =
(* Note: the failure action of [for_trywith] corresponds
to an exception that is not matched by a try..with handler,
and is thus reraised for the next handler in the stack.
It is important to *not* include location information in
the reraise (hence the [_noloc]) to avoid seeing this
silent reraise in exception backtraces. *)
compile_matching ~scopes loc ~failer:(Reraise_noloc param)
None param pat_act_list Partial
let for_handler ~scopes loc param cont pat_act_list =
compile_matching ~scopes loc
~failer:(Reperform_noloc [param; cont])
None param pat_act_list Partial
let simple_for_let ~scopes loc param pat body =
compile_matching ~scopes loc ~failer:Raise_match_failure
None param [ (pat, body) ] Partial
(* Optimize binding of immediate tuples
The goal of the implementation of 'for_let' below, which replaces
'simple_for_let', is to avoid tuple allocation in cases such as
this one:
let (x,y) =
let foo = ... in
if foo then (1, 2) else (3,4)
in bar
The compiler easily optimizes the simple `let (x,y) = (1,2) in ...`
case (call to Matching.for_multiple_match from Translcore), but
didn't optimize situations where the rhs tuples are hidden under
a more complex context.
The idea comes from Alain Frisch who suggested and implemented
the following compilation method, based on Lassign:
let x = dummy in let y = dummy in
begin
let foo = ... in
if foo then
(let x1 = 1 in let y1 = 2 in x <- x1; y <- y1)
else
(let x2 = 3 in let y2 = 4 in x <- x2; y <- y2)
end;
bar
The current implementation from Gabriel Scherer uses Lstaticcatch /
Lstaticraise instead:
catch
let foo = ... in
if foo then
(let x1 = 1 in let y1 = 2 in exit x1 y1)
else
(let x2 = 3 in let y2 = 4 in exit x2 y2)
with x y ->
bar
The catch/exit is used to avoid duplication of the let body ('bar'
in the example), on 'if' branches for example; it is useless for
linear contexts such as 'let', but we don't need to be careful to
generate nice code because Simplif will remove such useless
catch/exit.
*)
let rec map_return f = function
| Llet (str, k, id, l1, l2) -> Llet (str, k, id, l1, map_return f l2)
| Lmutlet (k, id, l1, l2) -> Lmutlet (k, id, l1, map_return f l2)
| Lletrec (l1, l2) -> Lletrec (l1, map_return f l2)
| Lifthenelse (lcond, lthen, lelse) ->
Lifthenelse (lcond, map_return f lthen, map_return f lelse)
| Lsequence (l1, l2) -> Lsequence (l1, map_return f l2)
| Levent (l, ev) -> Levent (map_return f l, ev)
| Ltrywith (l1, id, l2) -> Ltrywith (map_return f l1, id, map_return f l2)
| Lstaticcatch (l1, b, l2) ->
Lstaticcatch (map_return f l1, b, map_return f l2)
| Lswitch (s, sw, loc) ->
let map_cases cases =
List.map (fun (i, l) -> (i, map_return f l)) cases
in
Lswitch
( s,
{ sw with
sw_consts = map_cases sw.sw_consts;
sw_blocks = map_cases sw.sw_blocks;
sw_failaction = Option.map (map_return f) sw.sw_failaction
},
loc )
| Lstringswitch (s, cases, def, loc) ->
Lstringswitch
( s,
List.map (fun (s, l) -> (s, map_return f l)) cases,
Option.map (map_return f) def,
loc )
| (Lstaticraise _ | Lprim (Praise _, _, _)) as l -> l
| ( Lvar _ | Lmutvar _ | Lconst _ | Lapply _ | Lfunction _ | Lsend _ | Lprim _
| Lwhile _ | Lfor _ | Lassign _ | Lifused _ ) as l ->
f l
(* The 'opt' reference indicates if the optimization is worthy.
It is shared by the different calls to 'assign_pat' performed from
'map_return'. For example with the code
let (x, y) = if foo then z else (1,2)
the else-branch will activate the optimization for both branches.
That means that the optimization is activated if *there exists* an
interesting tuple in one hole of the let-rhs context. We could
choose to activate it only if *all* holes are interesting. We made
that choice because being optimistic is extremely cheap (one static
exit/catch overhead in the "wrong cases"), while being pessimistic
can be costly (one unnecessary tuple allocation).
*)
let assign_pat ~scopes opt nraise catch_ids loc pat lam =
let rec collect acc pat lam =
match (pat.pat_desc, lam) with
| Tpat_tuple patl, Lprim (Pmakeblock _, lams, _) ->
opt := true;
List.fold_left2
(fun acc (_, pat) lam -> collect acc pat lam)
acc patl lams
| Tpat_tuple patl, Lconst (Const_block (_, scl)) ->
opt := true;
let collect_const acc (_, pat) sc = collect acc pat (Lconst sc) in
List.fold_left2 collect_const acc patl scl
| _ ->
(* pattern idents will be bound in staticcatch (let body), so we
refresh them here to guarantee binders uniqueness *)
let pat_ids = pat_bound_idents pat in
let fresh_ids = List.map (fun id -> (id, Ident.rename id)) pat_ids in
(fresh_ids, alpha_pat fresh_ids pat, lam) :: acc
in
(* sublets were accumulated by 'collect' with the leftmost tuple
pattern at the bottom of the list; to respect right-to-left
evaluation order for tuples, we must evaluate sublets
top-to-bottom. To preserve tail-rec, we will fold_left the
reversed list. *)
let rev_sublets = List.rev (collect [] pat lam) in
let exit =
(* build an Ident.tbl to avoid quadratic refreshing costs *)
let add t (id, fresh_id) = Ident.add id fresh_id t in
let add_ids acc (ids, _pat, _lam) = List.fold_left add acc ids in
let tbl = List.fold_left add_ids Ident.empty rev_sublets in
let fresh_var id = Lvar (Ident.find_same id tbl) in
Lstaticraise (nraise, List.map fresh_var catch_ids)
in
let push_sublet code (_ids, pat, lam) =
simple_for_let ~scopes loc lam pat code in
List.fold_left push_sublet exit rev_sublets
let for_let ~scopes loc param pat body =
match pat.pat_desc with
| Tpat_any ->
(* This eliminates a useless variable (and stack slot in bytecode)
for "let _ = ...". See #6865. *)
Lsequence (param, body)
| Tpat_var (id, _, _) ->
(* Fast path, and keep track of simple bindings to unboxable numbers. *)
let k = Typeopt.value_kind pat.pat_env pat.pat_type in
Llet (Strict, k, id, param, body)
| _ ->
let opt = ref false in
let nraise = next_raise_count () in
let catch_ids = pat_bound_idents_full pat in
let ids_with_kinds =
List.map
(fun (id, _, typ, _) -> (id, Typeopt.value_kind pat.pat_env typ))
catch_ids
in
let ids = List.map (fun (id, _, _, _) -> id) catch_ids in
let bind =
map_return (assign_pat ~scopes opt nraise ids loc pat) param in
if !opt then
Lstaticcatch (bind, (nraise, ids_with_kinds), body)
else
simple_for_let ~scopes loc param pat body
(* Handling of tupled functions and matchings *)
(* Easy case since variables are available *)
let for_tupled_function ~scopes loc paraml pats_act_list partial =
let args = List.map (fun id -> root_arg (Lvar id) Strict) paraml in
let handler =
toplevel_handler ~scopes loc ~failer:Raise_match_failure
partial args pats_act_list in
handler (fun partial pm ->
compile_match ~scopes None partial
(Context.start (List.length paraml)) pm
)
let flatten_pattern size p =
match p.pat_desc with
| Tpat_tuple args -> List.map snd args
| Tpat_any -> Patterns.omegas size
| _ -> raise Cannot_flatten
let flatten_simple_pattern size (p : Simple.pattern) =
match p.pat_desc with
| `Tuple args -> (List.map snd args)
| `Any -> Patterns.omegas size
| `Array _
| `Variant _
| `Record _
| `Lazy _
| `Construct _
| `Constant _ ->
(* All calls to this function originate from [do_for_multiple_match],
where we know that the scrutinee is a tuple literal.
Since the PM is well typed, none of these cases are possible. *)
fatal_errorf
"Matching.flatten_pattern: got '%a'" pretty_pat (General.erase p)
let flatten_cases size cases =
List.map
(function
| (p, []), action -> (
match flatten_simple_pattern size p with
| p :: ps -> ((p, ps), action)
| [] -> assert false
)
| _ -> fatal_error "Matching.flatten_hc_cases")
cases
let flatten_pm size args pm =
{ args;
cases = flatten_cases size pm.cases;
default = Default_environment.flatten size pm.default
}
let flatten_handler size handler =
{ handler with provenance = flatten_matrix size handler.provenance }
type pm_flattened =
| FPmOr of (args, pattern, unit) pm_or_compiled
| FPm of (args, pattern Non_empty_row.t clause) pattern_matching
let flatten_precompiled size args pmh =
match pmh with
| Pm pm -> FPm (flatten_pm size args pm)
| PmOr { body = b; handlers = hs; or_matrix = _ } ->
FPmOr
{ body = flatten_pm size args b;
handlers = List.map (flatten_handler size) hs;
or_matrix = ();
}
| PmVar _ -> assert false
(*
compiled_flattened is a ``comp_fun'' argument to comp_match_handlers.
Hence it needs a fourth argument, which it ignores
*)
let compile_flattened ~scopes repr partial ctx pmh =
match pmh with
| FPm pm -> compile_match_nonempty ~scopes repr partial ctx pm
| FPmOr { body = b; handlers = hs } ->
let lam, total = compile_match_nonempty ~scopes repr partial ctx b in
compile_orhandlers (compile_match ~scopes repr partial) lam total ctx hs
let do_for_multiple_match ~scopes loc idl pat_act_list partial =
let repr = None in
let arg =
let sloc = Scoped_location.of_location ~scopes loc in
let args = List.map (fun id -> Lvar id) idl in
Lprim (Pmakeblock (0, Immutable, None), args, sloc) in
let input_args = { first = root_arg (Tuple arg) Strict; rest = [] } in
let handler =
let rows = map_on_rows (fun p -> (p, [])) pat_act_list in
toplevel_handler ~scopes loc ~failer:Raise_match_failure
partial input_args rows in
handler (fun partial pm1 ->
let pm1_half =
{ pm1 with
cases = List.map (half_simplify_nonempty ~arg) pm1.cases }
in
let next, nexts = split_and_precompile_half_simplified pm1_half in
let size = List.length idl in
let args = List.map (fun id -> root_arg (Lvar id) Alias) idl in
let flat_next = flatten_precompiled size args next
and flat_nexts =
List.map (fun (e, pm) -> (e, flatten_precompiled size args pm)) nexts
in
comp_match_handlers (compile_flattened ~scopes repr) partial
(Context.start size) flat_next flat_nexts
)
(* PR#4828: Believe it or not, the 'paraml' argument below
may not be side effect free. *)
let param_to_var param =
match param with
| Lvar v -> (v, None)
| _ -> (Ident.create_local "*match*", Some param)
let bind_opt (v, eo) k =
match eo with
| None -> k
| Some e -> Lambda.bind Strict v e k
let for_multiple_match ~scopes loc paraml pat_act_list partial =
let v_paraml = List.map param_to_var paraml in
let vl = List.map fst v_paraml in
List.fold_right bind_opt v_paraml
(do_for_multiple_match ~scopes loc vl pat_act_list partial)
let for_optional_arg_default ~scopes loc pat ~default_arg ~param body =
let supplied_or_default =
transl_match_on_option
(Lvar param)
Loc_unknown
~if_none:default_arg
~if_some:
(Lprim
(Pfield (0, Pointer, Immutable),
[ Lvar param ],
Loc_unknown))
in
for_let ~scopes loc supplied_or_default pat body